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Key Events and Battles (1836-1845)
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Texas Declaration of Independence
The Convention of 1836 meets at Washington-on-the-Brazos, where delegates declare Texas' independence from Mexico. The Texas Declaration of Independence mirrors the U.S. Declaration of Independence, listing grievances against Mexican rule and formally establishing the Republic of Texas. -
Battle of the Alamo
After a 13-day siege, the Mexican Army, led by General Santa Anna, overpowers the Texian defenders at the Alamo, including notable figures like James Bowie, William B. Travis, and Davy Crockett. The battle becomes a symbol of Texas’ fight for independence. -
The Battle of San Jacinto
Sam Houston’s Texian army launched a surprise attack on Santa Anna’s forces near San Jacinto, capturing the Mexican general in a brief but decisive battle. This victory effectively secured Texas' independence from Mexico. -
Sam Houston’s First Presidency
Sam Houston served as the first president of the Republic of Texas. His leadership focused on stabilizing the fledgling republic, establishing diplomatic relations with the United States, and addressing internal challenges such as financial instability and Indian conflicts. -
The Presidency of Mirabeau B. Lamar
Lamar, the second president of the Republic of Texas, pursued an aggressive foreign policy, including the failed Santa Fe Expedition, and advocated for the expansion of Texas’ borders. His presidency is often noted for his opposition to Sam Houston's more diplomatic and conciliatory approach. -
The Council House Fight
A conflict between Texian forces and the Comanche people occurred at the Council House in San Antonio. Texian authorities had invited the Comanche to negotiate peace, but tensions led to a violent clash, resulting in the deaths of both Texians and Comanches. -
The Battle of Plum Creek
This battle took place near present-day Lockhart, Texas, when Texian forces under General Edward Burleson confronted a Comanche raiding party. The Comanche were forced to retreat. -
The Texan Santa Fe Expedition
The Santa Fe Expedition was a diplomatic and military effort to secure control of the Santa Fe region, but it ended in failure. Texian forces were captured by Mexican forces and marched to Mexico City as prisoners. -
The Presidency of Anson Jones
Anson Jones served as the final president of the Republic of Texas. His administration saw the peaceful annexation of Texas by the United States, fulfilling the hopes of many Texans who sought statehood. -
Annexation of Texas
After years of negotiations, Texas officially accepted the terms for annexation to the United States. The U.S. Congress passed a joint resolution offering Texas statehood, which was accepted by the Texas Congress. -
Texas Becomes a State
Texas was formally admitted into the Union, becoming the 28th state of the United States. The U.S. government organized the state, and Texas began its new role as part of the nation.