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Growing intentions to revolutionize
Ideas of enlightenment, declines of France's economy, the weak nature of Louis XVI, and the success of the American revolution caused the heavily taxed third estates of France to brew intentions of starting a revolution.
Importance: The events are the factors that angered and motivated the people of France to start their revolutionary reformation.
(23,1.2)
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Estates Generals and National Assembly
A clergyman, Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès suggested that the Third Estate delegates pass laws and reforms to the France people and assemble as the national assembly to approve the taxes, laws, and principles. Importance: The National Assembly is an important stepstone in proclaiming the end of absolute monarchy and the beginning of the representative government, which led to revolution.
(23,1.2)
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Tennis Court Oath
The third Estate delegate stayed in an indoor tennis court after being locked outside of the meeting room. They promised to make a new constitution. This promise became the Tennis Court Oath. Later, nobles and members of the clergy who favored reform joined the Third Estate delegates
Importance: This shows the possibility that political authority can come from citizens instead of from the monarch.
(23,1.3)
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Storming the Bastile
In Paris, people suggested that Louis used military force to dismiss the National Assembly. Others asserted that foreign troops were coming to Paris to massacre French citizens. People began to gather weapons in order to defend the city against attack. The mob overwhelmed the guard and seized control of the Paris prison for weapons.
Importance: The event demonstrated that a force of people could challenge a monarchy.
https://courses.vhslearning.org/d2l/le/content/469495/viewContent/3804160/View -
Great Fear
The peasants soon became outlaws and armed with weapons. The outlaws broke into nobles’ houses and destroyed the legal papers. In some cases, they broke into the palaces and killed some of the guards. Some women rioted over the rising price of bread to complain.
Importance: The event signaled a strong human force against the upper-class people to show the possibilities of achieving social reform in France.
(23,1.4)
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Louis XVI's execution
The National Convention reduced Louis XVI’s role from that of a king to that of a common citizen. Now, the Convention found him guilty and walked him to be beheaded by a machine called the guillotine
Importance: A weak monarch caused a lot of conflicts and rebellions in the country. Louis XVI was one of them and his aspect of looking at the world neglected normal people's life. So, a revolution happened.
(23, 2.3)
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Reign of Terror
Robespierre initiated the reign of terror and govern France as a dictator. He justified the use of terror as the most effective way to make French citizens true to the essence of revolution. However, 40,000 people were executed by the guillotine during the terrors. Importance: It stopped some threats to revolution but was also displaying the excesses of the revolution and the intensity of violence.
(23,2.4)
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Napolean seized power
Napoleon overthrew the Directory and declared himself the first leader of France, and he named himself the emperor. He established deals with states' and churches' power and created the system of French law, the Napoleonic Code. Importance: A person who came from a military background and became a leader of a country was important to know. He was one who lead victories in the war for France. (23, 3.3)
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Napolean's mistake
Napoleon’s most disastrous mistake came because of the breakdown in his French alliance, so Napoleon decided and invaded Russia. But Russia retreated and left no food (scorched-earth policy) for Napolean's armies to eat, so a lot of his men were lost and dead. Importance: This manifests a hint of a strong dictator losing the strength, prediction, and authority he has. This foreshadowed his endpoint of war. (23, 4.1)
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Napolean's downfall
Napoleon faced the allied armies of the European powers outside the German city of Leipzig. His inexperienced armies lost, and he accepted the terms of surrender and gave up his throne. The victors gave Napoleon a small pension and exiled him to Elba, a tiny island off the Italian coast. (23, 4.2)
https://courses.vhslearning.org/d2l/le/content/469495/viewContent/3804177/View