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The Kaiser abdicated and the new democratic Weimar Republic was created.
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Left-wing communist rebellion: revealed strength of support for left- wing politics in Germany and the fundamental weakness of the Weimar government from the outset.
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The Treaty of Versailles caused widespread anger in Germany: loss of land/colonies/armed forces, forced to make reparations and take the blame for the war, and self-determination was forbidden for Germany.
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An attempted coup against the Weimar led by Wolfgang Kapp. It showed that the government could not enforce its authority even in its own capital.
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Hitler purged the communist movement, rivals, and the SA (too violent/uncontrollable)