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Abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm
The Kaiser abdicated and the new democratic Weimar Republic was created. -
Spartacist Uprising
Left-wing communist rebellion: revealed strength of support for left- wing politics in Germany and the fundamental weakness of the Weimar government from the outset. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles caused widespread anger in Germany: loss of land/colonies/armed forces, forced to make reparations and take the blame for the war, and self-determination was forbidden for Germany. -
Passing of the Weimar Constitution
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Kapp Putsch
An attempted coup against the Weimar led by Wolfgang Kapp. It showed that the government could not enforce its authority even in its own capital. -
Period: to
Night of the Long Knives
Hitler purged the communist movement, rivals, and the SA (too violent/uncontrollable)