restricting Jewish participation

By BIG_AL

  • 1933

    • Jewish people were removed from public office and professions- civil servants, lawyers and teachers were sacked.
    • School lessons to reflect the view that Jewish people were 'Untermensch'.
    • On 1 April 1933, a boycott of Jewish shops and other businesses took place.
    • SA officers actively encouraged Germans to avoid entering Jewish places of work.
    • Many Jewish shops were vandalised.

  • 1935

    Introduction of the Nuremberg Laws on 15 September 1935:
    • These laws removed many Jewish rights.
    • They defined a Jew as anyone with three or more Jewish grandparents. Four German grandparents were needed to be classified as German.
    • Jewish people were denied the right to be German citizens.
    • Marriage and relationships between Jewish people and Germans became illegal.

  • 1938

    • Jewish people were banned from becoming doctors.
    • Jewish people had to carry identity cards which showed a 'J' stamp.
    • Jewish children were denied education and banned from schools.
    • Jewish men had to add 'Israel' to their name, women had to add 'Sarah'.

  • 1939

    • Jewish people were banned from owning businesses.
    • The first ghettoes (segregated housing within towns, with a controlled entrance and exit) were opened in Eastern Europe to separate Jewish people from ‘ordinary’ citizens.
    • Star of David Emblem: On 23 November 1939 Jewish people were ordered to wear the Star of David on their clothes. This helped identify them more easily.