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Period: to
Pre-Industrial Families
All individuals who live in the household work together. Tasks were differentiated by sex and age; sometimes non-family members or distant relatives would pitch in for those who needed it. The family worked together as a unit in order to maintain survival. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
Family roles became more defined as men went away for work. Women stayed at home to take care of domestic chores, care for their children, and participate in the social activities. Children would help out the mothers around the house. -
Democratic Family Belief
Emerging in the late 18th century, partners were chosen based on preferences and it was an expected role of adults to have children. Women took care of the children while husbands left to work. -
The Morril Act
This act established large grant colleges that allowed women opportunities of research and instruction of practical interventions. Scientific theories and teachings of modernized activities included cooking, laundry, sewing, housecleaning, care of the sick, and sanitation. This eventually lead to the term "home economics". -
Ellen Swallow Richards
Richards became head instructor of the women's laboratory at MIT, where she founded the home economics movement. She dedicated to the study of sanitary chemistry and inspired new thoughts to the management of resources within homes and families. -
New England Kitchen
This kitchen located in Boston was opened under the supervision of Ellen Swallow Richards, who worked to provide lost cost meals with nutritious value to working-class families. -
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
This governmental program was implemented to help needy families obtain benefits on nutritious foods and supplements in order to be more efficient and live healthier. -
Family and Medical Leave Act
This act is eligible for individuals under certain employers that allows them to take an unpaid leave to care for family members, children, spouses, or to take time for adoption purposes. -
Family and Consumer Sciences
The former name of "home economics" was changed to "family and consumer sciences" in regards to resource management. Associates believed the first title was filled with misinformation regarding latest research and application. -
2012 Report of Families Today
In the world today, families are changing and do not have systematic roles that each member typically takes on. Women and men are independent and work in the field, and it is very common for single parents to raise their children. Divorce, same sex marriage, cohabitation, and other changes have shaped families today. -
Sources
https://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/distinguished-alumni/ellen-swallow-richards/ https://sociologytwynham.com/2013/06/25/the-symmetrical-family-young-willmott/ "Family Resource Management" by Tami Moore and Sylvia Asay