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Period: 1095 to 1291
The Crusades
The Crusades occurred because of the numerous battles between the Christians and Muslims. The Western Europeans gained a great amount of power during this time. Source 1: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades -
Nov 9, 1095
Pope Urban ll orders first Crusade
Pope Urban ll made a speech that helped start the first Crusade. This speech basically called for a war between the two rivals which was when the first Crusade began. Source 1: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/pope-urban-ii-orders-first-crusade -
Aug 15, 1096
First Crusade
The First Crusade started because Europe wanted to redeem their land back from the Muslims at the time. This event went on for almost 2 centuries because of the disagreements between the Muslims and Europeans.
Source 1: http://websites.umich.edu/~marcons/Crusades/timeline/summaries/First_Crusade.htm -
Dec 1, 1145
The Second Crusade
The Second Crusade lasted 2 years and was caused by Edessa in Mesopotamia starts to fail. A military was issued to help the city of Edessa and this caused the start of the Second Crusade. Source 1: https://www.worldhistory.org/Second_Crusade/ -
Jul 4, 1187
Battle of Hattin
The Kingdom of Jerusalem and Saladin forces went to battle because the Saladin forces wanted the Jerusalem land. This event led to the Third Crusade. Source 1: https://www.ranker.com/list/a-list-of-all-crusades-battles/reference -
1189
Third Crusade
The Third Crusade happened during 1189-1192 because of wanting to restore Jerusalem, but Jerusalem wasn't able to be restored. The result of the fall of Jerusalem was caused by the Muslim leader Saladin. Source 1: https://www.worldhistory.org/Third_Crusade/ -
1202
Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade happened between 1402-1404 and its was ordered by Pope Innocent III. The crusade happened because of the wanting to defeat the Muslims in Jerusalem since they took over. Source 1: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-westerncivilization/chapter/the-fourth-crusade/ -
Period: 1346 to 1352
The Black Death
The Black Death was an era that killed about 50 million people at the time. The Black Death is also known as the Bubonic Plague that contained the disease that killed almost half of Europe's population. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death -
1347
The plague arrives in France
The plague was brought to France by a ship called Caffa. The ships docked in Marseille, because of the ships docking and arriving into France this caused a extensive spread of the Bubonic Plague. Source 1: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline -
1348
Bubonic Plague hits Venice
The Bubonic Plague hits Venice in the mid 14th century. The Bubonic Plague killed 45,000 people in Venice. This event went on for two years. Source 1: http://omeka.wustl.edu/omeka/exhibits/show/technologies-of-segregation/lazzaretti -
1348
The plague enters England
The plague enters England through the arrival of Melcombe Regis. While the plague spreads, people resort to taking flight to the inland of England. This caused the plague to spread even more. Source 1: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline -
1349
The plague hit Wales
The plague was into Wales by people who fled from England. This caused for 100,000 people to be killed because of the people from England who brought it over to Wales. Source 1: https://www.history.com/news/black-death-timeline -
Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
During the Age of Exploration was when Europeans started exploring the world. The Europeans explored the western part of the world. Source 1: https://www.fcps.net/cms/lib/KY01807169/Centricity/Domain/10943/final%20Adam%20Sullinger%20NTI%20Days%20May%2018-22.pdf -
Period: 1400 to 1495
Early Renaissance
The Early Renaissance was an era from about 1400 to 1500 in European. This was introducing of Italian painting and sculpture. The Early Renaissance introduced many new artists. -
1436
Printing Press is invented
Johannes Gutenburg created the printing press created during the Renaissance. The printing press has helped people for centuries by printing multiple copies of a single copy. Source 1: https://www.history.com/news/printing-press-renaissance#:~:text=German%20goldsmith%20Johannes%20Gutenberg%20is,automate%20the%20book%2Dprinting%20process. couldn't find an exact date for the event -
1450
The Gutenberg Bible
The Gutenberg Bible was made in Germany by Johannes Gutenberg, Johann Furst, and Peter Schoffer. The Gutenberg Bible is the one of the most famous bibles in the world. There is currently 150 copies of the Gutenberg bible. The bible was for the churches to use during this era. Source 1: https://www.hrc.utexas.edu/gutenberg-bible/
Source 2: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/liturgical couldn't find an exact date to provide in this event -
May 29, 1453
The Ottoman Empire captured the city of Constantinople
The Ottoman Empire captured the city of Constantinople in 1453 by Sultan Mehmed Il. This signaled an end to the Byzantine Empire. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Fall-of-Constantinople- -
1455
The Wars of the Roses
This war went on for 30 years between two rivals between the years of 1455 and 1485. The war was caused due to the disagreements between the two rivals of the noble house of England. Both of the sides of the noble houses (the Lancastrians) wore badges that were a red rode. Source 1: http://theminiaturespage.com/ref/history/reninfo.html#roses -
Oct 12, 1492
Christopher Columbus explored the Americas
Christopher Columbus traveled across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He wanted to find a water route that was west from Europe to Asia. This was when he accidently came across the Americas Source 1: https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus -
1494
The Italian War
The Italian War occurred between 1494-1553. The Italian War mostly happened between France and Spain for 59 years. They were fighting over who would control Italy as a country. Source 1: https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/i/Italian_War_of_1521.htm -
Jun 7, 1494
Portugal claims Brazil
Spain claimed some land in South America. During the Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal claimed Brazil and proceeded to grant the land to the Portuguese nobles. Source 1: https://www.softschools.com/timelines/age_of_exploration_timeline/348/ -
1495
Last Supper was painted
The Last Supper was painted by Leonardo da Vinci between 1495-1498 and is now one of the most famous artworks currently. The Last Supper shows the last meal served with Jesus in Jerusalem. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Last-Supper-Christianity -
Period: 1495 to 1527
High Renaissance
The High Renaissance mainly took place in Rome, and lasted from around 1495 to 1527. During this era many artists were inspired by classical art and their art work are still greatly remembered to this day. Source 1: https://boisestate.pressbooks.pub/arthistory/chapter/high-renaissance/ -
1498
Vasco da Gama sails around Africa
Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer that ended up reaching India after going around Africa. During this expedition many of the other explorers died on the ships while traveling. Source 1: https://www.softschools.com/timelines/age_of_exploration_timeline/348/ -
Sep 13, 1504
Michelangelo begins the sculpture David
Michelangelo started working on the sculpture David on September 13tt, 1504 and finished the sculpture in June of 1504. The sculpture is 17ft high and is made of Marble. The sculpture was based on the biblical character David. Source 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)#:~:text=David%20is%20a%20masterpiece%20of,in%20the%20art%20of%20Florence. -
1509
King Henry Vlll becomes king
King Henry Vlll was king of England between 1509-1547 and he was born June 28, 1491, in Greenwich England. He had six wives during his life and two were killed under his authority. One of the reasons he had all these wives was because he needed a male descendent to claim place in England. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VIII-king-of-England -
1513
Machiavelli publishes The Prince
Niccolo Machiavelli was author, philosopher, and historian who published The Prince in 1532, 5 years after his death. The Prince was written in 1513, not until almost 20 years later was it published. This was a political treatise that was used to show how to gain power, create a state, and keep it. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Prince
Source 2: https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
The Reformation took place a the Western Church in Europe. The reformation was a reformed movement that went on for over a century because of the mishandling of the Roman Catholic Church. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Reformation -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther posts 95 theses
Martin Luther puts a piece of paper that consists of the 95 theses revolutionary opinions on the Castle Church in Germany. When Martin Luther did this, this initiated the Protestant Reformation that started in the 1500s. Source 1: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/martin-luther-posts-95-theses -
Apr 17, 1521
Diet of Worms
The Diet of Worms was held at the Holy Roman Empire and took place in Worms, Germany. On June 20, 1520 Pope Leo X faulted 41 of Martin Luther's theses. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Diet-of-Worms-Germany-1521 Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Diet-of-Worms-Germany-1521 -
Period: 1527 to
Late Renaissance
The late renaissance was a style of art that was developed towards the end of the high renaissance. There were many artists linked to this style of art during this time such as, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/art/Late-Renaissance -
1534
The Act of Supremacy
In 1534 in England, the congress passed the Act of Supremacy which declared the right of Henry VIII to be supreme leader on earth of the Church of England. This also included ministerial connections to Rome. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Act-of-Supremacy-England-1534 -
Period: 1543 to
The Scientific Revolution
During the Scientific Revolution was the rises of sciences like astronomy, mathematics, physics, biology, and many more. This caused many peoples views to change due to the new knowledge the scientists were finding out. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/science/Scientific-Revolution -
Jan 15, 1559
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth
Queen Elizabeth was 25 years old when she was crowned queen of England when her father King George VI, died aged 56 on February 6, 1952. Queen Elizabeth was queen for 45 years until she passed away on March 24th, 1603. Source 1: https://www.historytoday.com/archive/coronation-queen-elizabeth
Source 2: https://www.royal.uk/elizabeth-i# -
May 20, 1570
First Modern Atlas was published
On May 20, 1570, Ortelius published the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas. This map had 53 maps in the first edition was used the most during the 16th century when explorers used maps for their discoveries. Source 1: https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.5.031225/full -
Francois Viete Invents Analytical Trigonometry
Vieta helped make remarkable effects on trigonometry, algebra, and geometry. His first ever work published was the Canon mathematicus. Source 1: https://math.berkeley.edu/~robin/Viete/work.html
Source 2: https://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/scientificrevolution/timeline/ -
William Shakespeare builds the Globe theatre
The Globe Theatre first opened in 1599 where he would perform his plays. The Globe Theatre was built by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, William Shakespeare wrote for and part-owned for this company. Just a few of the plays Shakespeare performed were Henry V, Julius Caesar, Hamlet. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Globe-Theatre -
Shakespeare writes Hamlet
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1601. Hamlet is widely recognized as one of the most compelling plays in the history of English theatre.
Source 1: https://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item126637.htm -
Galileo discovers new planets
Galileo Galilei was a famous astronomer during the 1600s and is known for his discovery of the moon, Jupiter's moons, phases of Venus, sunspots, and many more discoveries throughout his career. Source 1: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/307/galileos-observations-of-the-moon-jupiter-venus-and-the-sun/ -
Galileo discovers the moons of Jupiter
The Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei discovered Jupiter using a homemade telescope. He discovered four moons orbiting the planet Jupiter. At first he though they were a group of stars, after taking a further look he found the "stars" had regular movements like a moon would have when it's orbiting a planet.
Source 1: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/galileo-discovers-jupiters-moons -
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' war lasted for 30 years and was one of the most horrific wars in history. This was mostly taken place in Germany between 1618-1648. The war started because of Protestant riot against the Holy Roman Empire. Source 1: https://www.britannica.com/event/Thirty-Years-War
Source 2: https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/thirty-years-war -
Newton's three laws of motion
Issac Newton was a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He was famous for discovering the three laws of motion which is Source 1: https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/newtons-laws-of-motion/
Source 2: https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion