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The crusades were religious wars between Christians and Muslims. All the violent and ruthless conflicts enhanced the status of European Christians making them major players in the fight. In November 1095, at the council of Clermont in Southern France, the Pope called on Western Christians to take up arms to aid the Byzantines.
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Europeans sailed around the world and sparked a global exchange of goods that would change the world. Portugal led the way on the trip but had a lot of power with them such as Spain and England.Sailors capitalized on improvements in cartography, ship construction, and navigational tools to facilitate their voyages.
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