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Food - peasants and the poor would pretty much eat bread and stew for every meal. Black bread and the stew was made out of whatever they had leftover. They also ate mush which would basically be like the oatmeal of today. The wealthy also ate bread and stew but it had a lot more flavor and they also ate meat, because it was so expensive and rare. Most of the food was ate with their hands, although wealthy people did start to use forks.
https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance_food.ph -
Clothing - Clothing, and fashion as today was a sign of wealth, back then it was a very important part of their lives. The wealthy would have many clothes made from fur, silk, and other fine materials. The poor would typically only have one or two sets of clothing. Men would wear tights and shirts with a coat, and often they wore hats. The women would wear long dresses with high waists and puffy shoulders.
https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance_clothing_fashion.php -
Entertainment - the people of this time enjoyed many different forms of entertainment. They went to festivals, sporting events, and played games such as chess and checkers. One of the biggest events was a carnival that took place after Lent each year. People would throw big parties and dress up in costumes for the carnival.
https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/daily_life_in_the_renaissance.php -
In the late medieval church, the doctrine came from three sources: The Bible, as the direct word of God; the Church Fathers, and church councils such as Nicaea and Chalcedon. The councils were supposed to represent the entire church, and therefore people believed God would not allow them to make mistakes. Anyone attempting to argue about Christian teaching would appeal to one or more of these authorities.
https://www.lhm.org/studies/resource_0517-catholicchurch.asp -
Masaccio- his real name was Tommaso di Giovanni di Simone Cassai. He was a painter in the early renaissance, and his most famous work is in the Brancacci Chapel of the Church in Florence. He transformed Florence painting and to this day some of his techniques are still used in modern painting
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Masaccio/The-Brancacci-Chapel -
Lorenzo Ghiberti- he was a sculptor and one of the most important from the early renaissance. He was a child prodigy and earned his first commission at the age of 23. He is most famous for the bronze doors of the Baptistery of Florence.
https://www.biography.com/artist/lorenzo-ghiberti -
Martin Luther was born in Germany in 1483. He survived a storm and decided that it was a sign from God that he needed to devote his life to him and become a monk. Martin Luther lived in Wittenberg, Germany.
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1hLuJF3SRgkaJVeju0PLD--sNZP0PzHoyE1l11z7UQ48/edit#slide=id.p22 -
Sandro Botticelli painted one of the more famous panting from the renaissances; Birth of Venus. It showed the goddess of Venus being born and emerging from the sea fully grown. The Medici family bought it adding on to them being the biggest patrons of the arts.
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Bishops were the highest authority in the church, even over the Pope. To become a bishop you had to be a priest first. Once they became a bishop they would have priests working under them that had their own congregation and would perform mass and baptisms. But if someone wealthy or noble came into town the bishop would perform the acts.
https://www.lhm.org/studies/resource_0517-catholicchurch.asp -
In medieval times, the lines between church and state were very vague. Sometimes you could barely tell the difference. Bishops held a lot of political power back then, they ruled large areas and had their own courts and military systems. The church could make the kings and queens live very difficult if they didn’t listen to the church rules.
https://www.lhm.org/studies/resource_0517-catholicchurch.asp -
Raphael- he learned from both da Vinci and Michelangelo, his most famous paintings are The School of Athens-- painted in the Vatican.
https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance-art -
1517 Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany. This is known as the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. Martin believed that salvation from God can be obtained through faith. These 95 Theses questioned by people did what they did pertaining to their faith.
https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses -
Leonardo da Vinci- he was a painter and architect. Today he is known for his most famous paintings, The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He believed that art was directly connected to nature and science.
https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/leonardo-da-vinci -
1529- Martin Luther publishes “The Large Catechism”. This book is an easy to understand explanation of Christian theology. This book was written to help teach the congregation about faith and how to go about worshiping.
http://bookofconcord.org/lc-1-intro.php -
Martin Luther translated the original writings of the Bible, written in Latin, to German. This got Luther in a lot of trouble, not a lot of people agreed. This made way for the Lutheran church.
www.museeprotestant.org -
Michelangelo- he was a sculptor, painter, and architect; one of the best of the renaissance and of all time. His most famous works of art are his sculptures of David and Pieta and his paintings in the Sistine Chapel.
https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/michelangelo -
Sir John Harington in 1596 invented the first flushing toilet in England. Harington’s device called for a 2-foot-deep oval bowl that was waterproof. Flushing Harington’s toilet required 7.5 gallons of water. When there wasn’t enough water to be used up to 20 people could use his commode between flushes.
https://www.history.com/news/who-invented-the-flush-toile -
Two Dutch spectacle-makers and father-and-son team, Hans and Zacharias Janssen created the first microscope in 1590. There were arguments between Lippershey and Janssen who invented it first. Their first microscopes were used and could get a maximum magnification that was only around 9X and the images were somewhat blurry.
https://www.microscopemaster.com/history-of-the-microscope.html -
1593 the thermometer was invented in Italy. The first thermometers were called thermoscopes. Galileo Galilei invented a rudimentary thermometer in 1593. This thermometer had numbers on it and allowed for different variations of liquid to have their temperature taken.
http://theinventors.org/library/inventors/blthermometer.htm -
1597 William Shakespear wrote “Romeo and Juliet” and it was first published in 1597. This is a love story written about 2 people that are not supposed to be together because of public rules and beliefs. Against all social norms, Romeo and Juliet do fall in love, and they will go to great lengths to be together even if that means they are dead.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Romeo-and-Juliet -
The invention of the telescope. Dutch eyeglass maker Hans Lippershey is credited as the first person to patent a telescope in 1608. The telescope that Hans designed was called a kicker. He claimed that it was able to magnify an image up to three times.
https://www.space.com/21950-who-invented-the-telescope.html -
The world's first submarine was built in 1620 by Dutch engineer Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel. The submarine was built in England. The sub was capable of carrying up to 16 men. It was operated by men rowing when it needed to move forward in the water.
https://newatlas.com/cornelis-drebbel-built-three-submarine-in-the-1620s-they-all-worked/3715/ -
Kepler's laws of planetary motion are three laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun. Johannes Kepler made these discoveries between 1609-1619. He discovers that the planets rotate on an axis and follow a path around the sun that is specific to each planet.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circles/Lesson-4/Kepler-s-Three-Laws -
Book of Common Prayer (1549)-Henry VIII maintained a largely Catholic form of worship in Anglican churches The “Book of Common Prayer” was revised over time. The final copy was published in 1662. This book is still popular in the Catholic Church today.
