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1304
Humanisim
A philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence over acceptance of dogma or superstition. -
Jul 20, 1304
Petrarch
He was an italian scholar,poet, and humanist who's work adressed to Laura. He had an inquiring mind and love of Classical authors led him to travel, visiting men of learning and searching monastic libraries for Classical manuscripts. He was regarded as the greatest scholar of his age. -
Jan 1, 1449
Lorenzo de Medici
He was a Florentine statesman, ruler, and patron of arts and letters, the most brilliant of the Medici. He ruled Florence with his younger brother, Giuliano from 1469 to 1478. He ruled both the Florentine state and a vast commercial empire. As a poet and a patron of poets, he stimulated the revival and splendor of Italian literature. -
1450
Printing revolution
Before printing was invented around 1450, it could take up to two years to hand write a book.Copying was initially done in monasteries, but demand was such that by the 14th century much copying was done by professional scribes. Still prices were prohibitively high -
Apr 15, 1452
Leonardo da Vinci
He was a Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer and draftsman. He studied the laws of science and nature which influenced his work. He is known for paintings like The Last Supper and Mona Lisa. -
Feb 29, 1468
Pope Paul III
Italian noble who was the last of the Renaissance popes and the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. Paul III was a notable patron of the arts and at the same time encouraged the beginning of the reform movement that was to affect deeply the Roman Catholic -
May 3, 1469
Machiavelli
He was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, writer, playwright and poet of the Renaissance period.He is most famous for a short political treatise called The Prince written in 1513 but not published until 1532, five years after his death. -
Feb 19, 1473
Copernicus
He was a Renaissance era mathematician and an atronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the sun rather than the earth, at the center of the universe. He also finished the first manuscript of his book, "DE Revolution bus Orbium Coelestium". -
Mar 6, 1475
Michelangelo
He was the first artist who was recognized during his life time. He is also the first western artist whose biography was published when he was still alive. He was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance. His most famous work was the statue of David completed in 1504. -
Apr 6, 1483
Raphael
He became Perugino's apprentice in 1504. Living in Florence from 1504 to 1507, and began painting Madonas in Rome. In 1504 he left his apprenticeship and moved to Florence. He is most famous for Madonnas and for his large figure compositions. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther
Martin was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther controlled a movement that reformulated certain basic tenets of Christian belief and resulted in the division of Western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions, -
Jul 2, 1489
Thomas Cranmer
Thomas was a leader of the english reformation during the reigns of Henry VIII. He helped build the case for the annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon. He was responisible for establishing the first doctrinal and liturgical structures of the reformed church of England, under Henry's rule Cranmer did not make any radical changed in the church. Due to power struggless between religious conservatives and reformers. -
Jun 28, 1491
Henry VIII
Henry was King of England from 1509 until his death. He is perhaps one of England's most famous monarchs because he and Thomas Cromwell the Archbishop of Canterbury split from the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope He had the third wife because he still needed a male heir. He had the fourth wife because of diplomatic reasons. He had the fifth wife because he fell in love again. He had the sixth wife because he was old and sick and needed a companion. -
1530
Inquisition
The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. The Inquisition started in 12th-century France to combat religious dissent, in particular the Cathars and the Waldensians. -
1545
Council of Trent
Held in three parts from 1545 to 1563. Prompted by the Reformation, the Council of Trent was highly important for its sweeping decrees on self-reform and for its dogmatic definitions that clarified virtually every doctrine contested by the Protestants. Despite internal strife and two lengthy interruptions, the council was a key part of the Counter-Reformation and played a vital role in revitalizing the Roman Catholic Church in many parts of Europe. -
1563
Sale of indulgences
The Catholic Church never officially sold indulgences. Some unscrupulous people in Europe went around selling indulgences.Common practice was that you could make a donation if you wanted to but it was not compulsory. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo
He was an astronomer,physicist,and an engineer sometimes described as a polymath from Pisa. He used his newly invented telescope to discover four of the moons circling Jupiter to study Saturn to observe the phases of Venus and to study sunspots on the sun. His observations strengthened his belief in Copernicus's theory that Earth and all other planets revolve around the sun. -
Apr 23, 1564
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was an Englosh poet, wrote plays, and and an actor.He wrote about life, love, death, revenge, grief, jealousy, murder, magic and mystery.He wrote a total of 37 plays revolving around several main themes: histories, tragedies, comedies and tragicomedies. His most famous plays are Macbeth and Romeo & Juliet. -
Heliocentric Theory
Heliocentric theory is a model of the solar system that posits a central place for the Sun, with the planets orbiting it. It is most closely associated with the 16th-century work of Copernicus and the 17th-century work of Galileo, and the theory was widely adopted after Copernicus' death. -
Issac Newton
He began developing his influential theories on light, calculus and celestial mechanics while on break from Cambridge University. Newton studied a classical curriculum at Cambridge, but he became fascinated by the works of modern philosophers such as René Descartes, even devoting a set of notes to his outside readings he titled “Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae”
