Renaissance and Reformation

Sale of Indulgences

1095

Indulgences were ways to buy yourself into being accepted into heaven. Many churches used this money for themselves instead of giving it to the church.

Inquisition

1200

The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas. It helped identify those who held false religous beliefs.

Johann Gutenberg

1395

Johann invented the printing press. It took him 20 years to invent the printing press. He changed the publishing industry forever.

Humanism

1399

Humanism was an intellectual movement of the 15th century. Humanism focused less on religion and more on what it is to be human.

Petrarch

Jul 20, 1403

Petrarch was a poet during the Renaissance era in Italy. In the 14th century, he found what is known as Renaissance humanism. He is also the mentor and ideal model for the lyricism of poetry.

Perspective

1415

Perspective was a significant advancement during the Renaissance. It allowed art to be more realistic. It also allowed artists to achieve the illusion of depth.

Lorenzo de' Medici

Jan 1, 1449

Lorenzo is most famous for his sponsorship of artists. He sponsored Botticelli and Michelangelo. He was also a skilled politician and diplomat.

Printing Revolution

1450

Johann Gutenberg invented the moveable type printing. This quickened the spread of knowledge, discoveries, and literacy in Renaissance Europe.

Leonardo da Vinci

Apr 15, 1452

Leonardo was an Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer. He serves as a role model applying the scientific method to every aspect of life. He created the Mona Lisa.

Machiavelli

May 3, 1469

Machiavelli is a philosopher who is most known primarily for his political ideas. He was most popular for his books,The Prince and the Discourses on Lily, which were published after his death.

Erasmus

Oct 27, 1469

Erasmus was a translator, commentator, editor, and provocateur of Renaissance culture. He was famous for his work on the new Christian testament.

Michelangelo

Mar 6, 1475

Michelangelo was a painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. He was considered to be one of the most brilliant artists.He studied in the Medici Family's sculpture garden.

Raphael

1483

Raphael was one of the finest draftsmen in the history of Western art. He used drawings extensively to plan his compositions. He was most known for his paintings

Martin Luther

Nov 10, 1483

Martin Luther was one of the most significant figures in Christian history. His beliefs helped form the reformation. He was a professor, pastor, and reformer.

Thomas Cranmer

Jun 2, 1489

Thomas served as the first Protestant archbishop of Canterbury. He was one of the prime architects of the English Reformation. He helped create the Church of England.

Henry VIII

May 28, 1491

Henry VIII is most known her his 6 wives and his appetite. He sent two of his wives to death on the executioners block at the Tower of London.

John Calvin

Jun 10, 1509

John Calvin was a french lawyer. He was the most important figure in the second generation of the protestant reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of Christian theology.

Council of Trent

1545

The Council of Trent was the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation. It defined the Catholic Doctrine. It also helped revitalize the Catholic Church in the face of Protestant expansion.