Reframing Administration: Past, Present and Future

By Leonor Wright
  • 399 BCE

    Socrates

    Socrates
    As a questioner of everything and everyone, Socrates gained the most notoriety. He used a technique of instruction known as the Socratic method that involved asking his students numerous clarifying questions until they had reached their understanding rather than simply imparting knowledge. Socrates was, convicted, imprisoned, and executed in 399 B.C. on charges of dishonoring the Athenian gods and corrupting the youth. (Prior, 2019). William J. Prior. (2019). Socrates. Polity.
  • Period: 200 BCE to 499 BCE

    Classical Period

  • Period: 500 to 1400

    Middle Ages

  • 800

    Charlemagne

    Charlemagne
    On December 25, 800, Pope Leo III installed Charlemagne as the first emperor of the Romans and head of the huge Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne was a gifted administrator and diplomat who supported education and the Carolingian Renaissance. He also implemented political, social, and religious reforms and spent most of his reign fighting wars to unify the Germanic People under one rule.
    Tammy Gagne. (2018). Charlemagne. Mitchell Lane.
  • Period: 1400 to

    Renaissance Reformation

  • 1429

    St. Joan of Arc

    St. Joan of Arc
    At age 16, the heroic Joan of Arc believed God had chosen her to lead France to victory against England; despite having no military experience, she led a French army to the beleaguered city of Orléans, where they won a spectacular victory. As a servant leader, she led by example and captured the hearts of her followers.
    Baudry, F. (2022). Joan of Arc, the Voices: Le malheur de la question c’est la réponse. American Imago, 79(2), 285–310.
  • Period: to

    The Enlightenment Period

  • Benjamin Franklin

    Benjamin Franklin
    In 1776, the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence, and Benjamin Franklin was instrumental in creating the new government of the United States of America. He was a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, politician, diplomat, printer, publisher, and philosopher. (Mulford, 2017). He demonstrated model servant leadership styles.
    [Mulford, C. J. (2017). Appreciating Benjamin Franklin. Early American Literature, 52(3), 729.]
  • Period: to

    Ages of Progress

  • Abraham Lincoln

    Abraham Lincoln
    While serving as president of the United States, he gave a lengthy speech explaining the nature of the union and why secession was incompatible with self-government. His vision was to end slavery and keep the states united; this is a prime example of his servant leadership style.
    (https://link-gale-com.easydb.angelo.edu/apps/doc/A712176292/ITBC?u=txshracd2485&sid=bookmark-ITBC&xid=dfbd8fa0)
  • Period: to

    Modern Period

  • Martin Luther King Jr.

    Martin Luther King Jr.
    Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. successfully led the American civil rights movement for African Americans. A large-scale protest, "March on Washington," took place in August 1963 in Washington, D.C., when around 250,000 people assembled before the Lincoln Monument.
    Carson, C., & Lewis, D. L. (2023, January 11). Martin Luther King, Jr. | Biography, Speeches, Facts, & Assassination. Encyclopedia Britannica.
  • Period: to

    Postmodernism

  • Elon Musk

    Elon Musk
    Elon Musk, innovator, entrepreneur, and businessman, founded Zip2- sold for $307 million, PayPal- sold for 1.5 million; founded SpaceX in 2002; funder of Tesla Motors in 2004; and acquired Twitter in 2022 (Gregersen, 2023). His leadership style is transformational; he is an innovative thinker who looks for constant improvement. Gregersen, E. (2023, March 1). Elon Musk | Biography, SpaceX, Tesla, Twitter, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

  • Hybrid

    Hybrid
    In 2035, Post-pandemic office workers worldwide anticipate operating in a hybrid paradigm and showing up for work only when necessary. As a result, continued learning, continued talking with the team, and self-awareness is the foundation of being a strong leader.
  • Period: to

    Future Prediction I

  • Innovation

    Innovation
    The most influential leaders in the world of 2050 will need to adapt quickly in a world that is changing quickly. The leader who succeeds in this setting will wear many hats and must be someone who enjoys change and must be trustworthy, motivating, and genuine in their diverse team-based environment. They will be the ones that can innovate and predict in a rapidly changing world.
  • Period: to

    Future Prediction II