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Santa Anna becomes president of Mexico
He was on and off president for eleven years. He tried to help Mexico regain the territory of Texas as he was a strong and smart leader. He lost a leg fighting for Mexico when the French invaded. He was called to lead the army when the US invaded them. Because of his sacrifices he was know with the title of “Serene Highness” and Maximillian gave him the title of “Grand- Marshal”. -
Texans Revolt against Mexico
As the Mexican refused to grant the people in Texas wanted greater self-government, Stephen Austin helped the Texans revolt against Mexico. This caused the Mexican to go into a severe battle in San Jacinto where Santa Anna’s troops were captured and defeated. After Sam Houston let Santa Anna go back to Mexico, he lost his power. -
Benito Juarez becomes the president of Mexico
He gave Mexico a great leader and hero for two presidential terms. Mexico didn’t have much money so he decided that for the next two years, Mexico should cancel all foreign payment debts. Even though his idea was rejected by congress, he gave Mexico great ideas and a series of liberal reforms that were later used in the new constitution. -
Venustiano Carranza becomes president of Mexico
He was a Mexican politician, warlord and general. When the Revolution broke out, he initially allied himself with Francisco Madero raised his own army. He had some problems because there were plagues. He began the revision for Mexico’s Constitution. -
Benito Juárez comes up with La Reforma
It was a liberal political and social revolution in Mexico. It was led by Benito Juárez. It was called for the removing the dictator Antonio López de Santa Anna. It was also made to redistribute land, and to separate church and state. It increased educational opportunities for the poor. -
The Idea of Nationalism
Nationalism was significant as it was one of the main causes of World War I. During 1870's and 1871's Britain, Russia, France, Italy and Germany all had the ideas of nationalism making these countries enter WWI wanting to get something out of it. Britain was the most industrially advanced country in Europe and wanted to have the largest overseas empire and the largest navy in the world. Russia was the largest and most populated country in Europe. Russia was territorially ambitious and wanted to -
The Idea of Militarism
Miltarism was significant as it was one of the main causes of world war I. As militarism demanded for more money towards the military and navy forces, more influence on the army men, and using force to solve all problems all lead to the idea that a war was going to begin and had France and Britian, and Germany and Austria create a military plan with one another. Many countries wanted to have a larger army so for example during these years, France and Germany had more than doubled their armies. -
Porfirio Diaz becomes president of Mexico
Through Diaz’s first term of presidency he did many things for Mexico. He started a financial and political reform, he settled all Mexico’s national debts, he got different people of different tribes together and he created a railroad and telegraph system. -
Triple Alliance Formed
Germany created an alliance with Italy and Austria-hungary. Later on when Austria-Hungary and Russia fought over the balkans, because of the Tripple Alliance that was formerly created, Germany backed up Austria-Hungary against Russia getting the Germans into the fight too. -
Kaiser Wilhelm II Takes Role as Emperor
Kaiser Wilhelm II forced Bismark to retire in 1890 and took the role of being Germanys new emperor. While ruling he was significant for all the actions he took. He did not re new Bismarks treaty that he had created for Germany with Russia, making Russia look for a new ally and ended up allying with France. This led Germany to have more enemies for WWI and the chance of a two front war, which Bismark tried to avoid by allying with Russia. -
Schlieffen Plan
This German plan, had the German armies invading Belgium quickly as they thought the Russian armies would take time to mobilize. The Germans thought they could attack France and get it over with quickly but this plan led them into a two year trench warfare at the Western Front. -
Triple Entente Formed
Because of the alliance between Russia, Britain, and France was formed called the Triple Entente, if one of them got into war the other countries would have to back them up. This was significant because Russia had signed a treaty with Serbia saying they would protect them, and now that Serbia was in war with Germany, Russia had to back up Serbia a long with France and Britain due to the Triple Entente. This brought more countries into the war leading to WWI. -
Emiliano Zapata starts the Mexican Revolution
He was determined to make a difference and he wanted the land returned to peasants and small farmers. Zapata supported agrarian reform and land redistribution. He wanted "Land and freedom!" which represented the fact that he wanted the laws reformed to protect their rights. Organized and led peasants raising a powerful revolutionary army called the Liberation Army for the battles of the Mexican Revolution. -
Francisco Madero becomes president of Mexico
He helped assemble troops to overthrow Porfirio Díaz, He worked well at operating tidy profits and he managed to treat his workers well. He was said to be spiritual and he gets advice from other people like Benito Juarez who told him to keep pressure on Diaz. He had problems with people listening to him because he had to maintain his personal image in order to do well as a politician in macho Mexico. It was difficult for him to command the respect of soldiers and revolutionaries who saw him as e -
Victoriano Huerta overthrows Francisco Madero
As Huerto overthrew Madero he took control of the government this lead to the people of Mexico liking him so much that they later elected him as president. He lead Mexico into having problems with the economy and was one of the people who kept opposing the Constituitoin. Mexico exiled him for his uselessness. -
New Weapons of War Created
New weapons of war such as machine guns, airplanes with bombs, tanks, poisonous gas, and submarines with torpedos were created for WWI. These weapons helped advance the war technologically wise but there were more deaths as more people could be killed at a time. These weapons made the soldiers lives more threatening and dangerous to go to war. -
Propaganda’s
Posters weren’t only of justifying involvement to their own common people, but also as a means of getting men, money and resources to sustain the military campaign. Governments all around started to spread it in order to influence public opinion for or against a cause. -
The “powder keg” of Europe
This conspired to bring about the First World War. This term is referred to the “Balkan Powder Keg.” Even though the Balkans was not the major issue at stake in the war, but it referred to their political and social instability. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Was Assassinated
He was next in line to be emperor of Austria-Hungry, and a gang called the Black Hand shot him. The Black Hand was from Serbia and after the death of Ferdinand, Austria-Hungry declared war on Serbia, and the First World War began. -
Allies
The main members were United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire and then later more countries joined. They were important because they were the powers at war with the Central Powers. -
Central Powers Formed
It was made up of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. The name "Central Powers" came from the location of the countries. The Central Powers were at war with the opposing side, the Allies. -
Total War Problems
Nearly every human resource, civilians and soldiers, can be considered to be part of the difficult effort. At wartime the government of each country took control of the economy, the government told factories what to produce and how much and much more. -
Trench Warfare
Is a form of warfare in which both combatants occupied fighting lines. This new warfare put soldiers’ lives in misery; and it protected them from their enemy’s weapons. It was also significant because it made soldiers’ tough lives even tougher because the trenches were filled with rats, mud, blood, rotten food, dead bodies and much more. -
Battles at the Western Front Begin
These many battles at the western front were significant because they no longer needed all the new weapons of war as all the battles were done through trench warfare. It also kept the Germans occupied and divided their strength as they not only had to fight on the western front but the easter front as well. Even though these battles were costly they forced the armies to return ti mobile warfare as they used technics they may have forgotten over the years. -
Battle Along The Eastern Front
This front was located Central and, primarily, Eastern Europe. The battlefield stretched along the German and Russian border. In the Eastern Front, Russians and Serbians battled Germans and Austro-Hungarians. The war in the east was a more mobile war than the one in the west. Also, slaughter and stalemate were more common. -
Leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
He was a leader of the Bolsheviks and he headed the Soviet state. He fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a socialist economic system. -
Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin Takes Control
When the Russian Ruler was absent from Germany and his wife was in control, an uneducated Siberian Monk, Rasputin, who practiced mysticism convinced the rulers wife that he should take control. He obviously was not a good ruler causing the Russian empire to go into down fall. This forced Russia to drop out of WWI and focus on their won country. -
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
This was to have a major impact on World War I as it was one of the main reasons why America joined the war. The Germans wanted to attack and put a blockade around Great Britain torpedoed ships during the war. This policy was used before, when Germany sunk Lusitania, a British passenger ship which left 1,198 people dead. This warfare was unrestricted because they were not only sinking navy ships, but also merchant ships. -
Provisional Government
It was the temporary government established after the abdication of Nicholas II, from March until Lenin takes over In November 1917. Alexander Kerensky headed this government but he lost the support of soldiers and civilians when he decided to continue to fight in World War I. In many cities, the soviets had more influence than the provisional government. -
The Russian Bolsheviks
They ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Bolsheviks came to power in Russia during the October revolution. They were the leaders of Russia after the czar was overthrown in the March Revolutions. They were extremely powerful and rather dangerous. The Bolsheviks later renamed their party to the Communist Party. -
The Deadly Influenza Epidemic of 1918
This deadly virus attacked one fifth of the world’s population. Within months, it had killed more people than any other illness in recorded history. It killed over 20 million people worldwide and was more destructive than the war itself. -
Fourteen Points Were Made
Fourteen Points: During the Paris Peace Conference, United States President Woodrow Wilson came to the table with the Fourteen Points plan. This plan had fourteen points to keep world peace but the main three were self-determination, national independence based on ethnic boundaries and the League of Nations. It was an approach for world peace after the war. -
League of Nations Organization
This was an inter-governmental organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, and the foundation to the United Nations. It was formed to try to prevent any future wars. Wilson strongly believed that it would have changed the old world way of doing things. The United States congress rejected this idea because they were afraid that if they were part of a world group, they would get sucked into the world’s problems. -
The Idea of Self-determination
In politics it‘s like freedom of the people or national grouping to determine their own political status and how they will be governed without influence from any other country. This was one of the main points that President Wilson covered in the Fourteen Points. -
Woodrow Wilson Comes Up With The Fourteen Points
His creation of the fourteen points was not accepted at the Treaty of Versailles except for the last point which was the League of Nations. Even though the senate did not approve of his idea, and it did not happen, it awarded Woodrow Wilson with the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts, and was a template for what we have now known as the United Nations. -
Rationing Effect
Rationing was introduced in response to an effective U-boat campaign and during World War One, the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) was used to ensure that food shortages never occurred. Rationing covered a wide range of goods, from butter and bread to shoe leather, which limited people’s desires and needs; it was very unfair to the civilians of these various countries. -
Armistice Signed
This was a very significant document as the signing of this officially ended World War One with Germany surrendering. With the ending of this war, people noticed they did not want another war like this to happen again leading to the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty Of Versailles where they can agree on how to create peace for the future. -
War Guilt Clause against Germany
Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles stated that: "The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associate Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of a war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her Allies." This was significant as it got the Germans furious as they were blamed for the whole war as they knew it was not all the -
Vittorio Orlando Attends the Paris Peace Conference
Vittorio Orlando represented Italy as one of the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference. He did not want to do much, other then get Italy the land they were promised after winning the war. The other delegates agreed and Orlando left the conference early getting what Italy wanted and was very satisfied. -
David Lloyd George Attends the Paris Peace Conference
David Lloyd George represented Britain as one of the Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference. He helped draft the Treaty of Versailles, helped come up with the Peace of Vengeance (some people blame him as well for WWII), and got many colonies for the British. -
Georges Clemenceau Comes Up With the Peace of Vengeance
Clemenceau was one of the big four delegates who was representing France at the Paris Peace Conference. As he was helping write the Treaty of Versailles, he was set on punishing Germany so he came up with the Idea of the Peace of Vengeance along with Lloyd George of Britain. They thought this would allow Germany to never be powerful again but instead some people believe his idea of the Peace of Vengeance may have been what started WWII. -
Treaty of Versailles
This was when the four delegates of the Allie powers, Germany, Italy, Britain and France come together to agree how to close the war and create peace to make sure something like this would not happen again. This meeting was significant as the League of Nations, War Guilt Clause, Peace of Vengeance, colonies for the British and the French, land for Italy, and later WWII all came out of this. -
“A Dictatorship of the Proletariat” Was Formed
The Proletariat was the working class of Russia. People called the Marxist revolutionaries thought that this working class could overthrow the czar. From this will power, they got together and formed “A Dictatorship of the Proletariat” which now meant that the Proletariat's of Russia were now the ones who ruled the country. -
Alvaro Obergon becomes president of Mexico
When Obergon became president he restored stability in Mexico. He was very liked by the Mexican people as he was reelected by them again. He supporeted the Mexicans land reform and other ones too. He helped the Mexican through many battles such as the Battle of Leon and the Battle of Celaya. Obergon also promoted education in Mexico so the people united all learning a common language. -
Soviet Army
It’s a local council, the theoretical basis for the socialist society of the USSR. They were local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers. The soviets had more influence than the provisional government. -
“Pancho” Villa’s Dies
He was a fearless fighter, and a clever military commander. At one time he had the strongest army in Mexico and he was instrumental in the downfall of both Porfirio Díaz and Victoriano Huerta. When the alliance of Venustiano Carranza and Alvaro Obregon finally defeated him, he responded by waging a guerrilla war which included an attack on Columbus, New Mexico. He wanted togain reform in Mexico. -
Communist Party Created
The Bolsheviks created a constitution based on socialist and democratic principles. Based on Marx’s ideas, property would all be held in common, there would be no need for government, and the central government directs all major economic decisions. -
Joesph Stalin
When stalin became the leader of Russia after Lenin he took head of the Communist Party. He wasn't the best of leaders as he killed many people and purged all opposition creating a totalitarian state. He made Russia have a centralized government that took total control of everything from public life to the peoples private lives. -
PRI "Institutional RevolutionaryParty" was created
It is Mexico's "official" party. It was the country's preeminent political organization. It was to give an ongoing period of peace and political satiability in Mexico.
