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Richard Wagner’s The Ring of the Nibleung
Richard Wagner was a German theatre director and conductor. Wagner’s operas are based on German myths, the operas opposed realism. Wagner’s operas was the first with “democratic” seating and first to dim lighting in the theatre. He also demands "master artwork". The Ring of the Nibleung is a four part opera about a ring that grants the power to rule the world,the ring was forged by the Nibelung dwarf Alberich from the gold he stole from the Rhine maidens that live in the river. -
Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species
Charles Darwin’s book called Origin of Species is a work of scientific literature. This book is based on Darwin’s argument that numerous traits and adaptations can differentiate various kinds of species. Also explain how each species evolved over time. For example in the book Darwin talks about how all various types of species have same ancestry.Darwin mention is how heredity and the environment influences who we are. -
Emila Zola’s Therese Raquin
Emila Zola is a French playwright, novelist and was a contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism. Emila’s success was due to extreme demands. She emphasizes the influence of poverty and other deprivations on the lower class and also exposes social ills that can be corrected. Emila Zola’s Therese Raquin was Emila first novel to be adapted as a play. The play is about life story of Therese Raquin was defined by confinement and resentment during her childhood and how it ruined her. -
Henrik Ibsen’s Doll’s House
Henrik Ibsen he was a Norwegian playwright. Ibsen was also known as the founder of modern drama. Ibsen’s plays evokes violent responses in his plays and shows how he perceives women in theatre in the 1870’s. The plays ending has no reaffirm accepted values. Ibsen’s play Doll’s House is a three act play that it is about a women named Nora Helmer who secretly borrowed a large amount of money, so her husband can recover from a serious illness by forging her father's name. So who is to blame? -
Symbolism
Symbolism was started in 1885. The definition of symbolism is that there is a greater meaning, than suggested that is used through hints from a network of symbols. However, symbolism in theatre is shown a little differently by the subjects from the past, realm of fantasy or a mysterious present. The most important aspect of symbolism is the mood of the play that is represented by a certain color. Also in symbolism, plays lack detail and not have a lot of scenery. The movement ended in the 1900's -
Theatre Libre in Paris, France
Theatre Libre or free theater. Theatre Libre is a theatrical company that operated from 1887 to 1896 in Paris, France. This theatre company’s goal was to present new plays that were not seen or consider to be risky or been banned by the other theatre companies. For example this theatre company presented plays from Emila Zola’s Jacques Damour and Henrik Ibsen’s Ghost. Theatre Libre combines realism with naturalism.This theater company also influenced many other independent theaters. -
The Freie Buhne in Berlin, Germany
The Freie Buhn or free stage is a subscription based theatre company that was founded by ten writers and theatre critics. Their primary goal for this theatre company is to begin a new naturalistic staging for new playwrights.The Freie Buhne closed their doors in 1894 mostly because there were larger theatre companies that were also in Berlin. One example of this company was when they did a production of Henrik Ibsen's play Ghost. Also this company had a major influence on smaller theaters -
The Independent Theatre in London, England
The Independent Theatre was a subscription only theatre company in London, England from 1891 to 1897 that was founded by Dutch drama critic Jacob Grein. This theatre company produced modern realistic plays, mostly by European playwrights. This theatre uses professional actors. Performances were not for the public, so the Society was allowed to perform plays that were not accepted by Parliament The company was not financially successful that is why they close their doors in 1897. -
Oscar Wide’s The Importance of Being Earnest
Oscar Wilde’s play The Importance of Being Earnest is about two bachelors John Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff, who created alter egos named Earnest and Bunbury to escape their boring lives. These two men try to win the hearts of two women one who is Algernon’s cousin Gwendolyn, who both claims they fell in love with Earnest not Bunbury. This play is a three act well-made play. The play has a carefully constructed exposition, can with hold information and cause suspense by using reveals. -
The Moscow Art Theatre
The Moscow Art Theatre is an theatre company that was founded by Konstantin Stanislavsky in 1898. The play's depict frustrations of provincial life, the play’s subtext is important as the play’s dialogue and the plays shows complexity of human beings and their action’s. The actors must have a skilled voice and body, the actors need to understand the inner life and emotions of their character’s, and the actors must understand the character’s motivation and goals in each scene of the play.
