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Period: 1533 to 1555
Thomas Cranmer
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1534
Church of England established
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1549
1st Book of Common Prayer
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1558
Act of Supremacy
Made Liz Supreme Governor of CoE
Oath of Supremacy -
1559
Act of Uniformity
Re-established Book of Common Prayer
Required church attendance -
Period: 1559 to 1575
Matthew Parker
Co-wrote 2nd Book of Homilies (1563)
Wrote "Book or Advertisements" (1566) -
1560
Geneva Bible published
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1562
Apology of the Anglican Church
John Jewel
First Anglican vs catholic text -
1563
2nd Book of Homilies
Mostly by Matthew Parker, some John Jewel -
1563
Foxe's Book of Martyrs
1st English edition -
1565
Matthew Parker reproached by Queen for not enforcing standards
Led to Book of Advertisements -
1566
Book of Advertisements
Vestments Controversy
Matthew Parker
Codified use of cope and surplice -
1566
A brief discourse against the outward apparel of the popish church
Robert Crowley
Earliest puritan manifest -
1566
37 London ministers suspended for refusing vestments
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1570
Cartwright calls for presbyterianism
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1570
Pope Pious V excommunicates Elizabeth
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1570
Edward Dering preaches before Liz
Spoke of corrupt ministers "And yet you in the meanwhile that all these whoredoms are committed...you are so well contented to let all alone." -
1571
39 Articles
Scripture only
No good works
No purgatory or saint -
1571
Subscription Act
Enforced 39 Articles
If you didn't follow, you were defrocked
Led to:
1. "A View on Popish Abuses" by John Field
2. "Admonition to Parliament" Wilcox and Field
3. "Answer to a Certain Libel" Whitgift
4. "Replye to An Answere Made of M. Doctor Whitgift" Cartwright Field and Wilcox imprisoned one year
Cartwright fled -
1571
Whitgift removes Cartwright from Cambridge
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1572
St. Bartholomew Massacre
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1572
Admonition to Parliament
Puritan Manifesto
John Field & Thomas Wilcox
To eliminate catholic practices
• authority of scripture
• anti-hierarchy
• Preach, don't read -
1572
An Answer to a Certain Libel
John Whitgift
Defended church hierarchy
Response to Admonition to Parliament -
1572
A view of popish abuses yet remaining in the English church
John Field -
1575
Geneva Bible printed in English
- copious Calvinist notes
- not authorized, but influential
- original from 1560
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Period: 1575 to
Edmund Grindal
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1582
A Treatise of Reformation without Tarying for Anie
Robert Browne -
Whitgift's Three Articles
Clergy must subscribe to three articles.
1. Liz is head
2. Use BoCP and say that it "contained nothing in it contrary to the word of God."
3. 39 Articles Caused great opposition. By 1583 Whitgift allowed a form of conditional subscription. Only Field and a few others were deprived. -
Period: to
John Whitgift
Wrote "An Answer to a Certain Libel" defending church hierarchy -
John Bridges: "A Defense..."
A defense of the government established in the Church of England for ecclesiastical matters
Defended church hierarchy
Adressed in 1st Marprelate tract -
Anthony Cope introduces "Bill and Book"
Advocated for presbyterian reform. One of multiple Parliamentary bills in the mid 1580s aimed at reforming the church. Liz often intervened to quash them. -
John Field dies
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John Udall anonymously pens "The Diotrephes"
Waldegrave discovered as printer. His press is seized and destroyed. -
Defeat of Spanish Armada
Summer of '88
Seen as providential -
Marprelate Tracts
Job Throckmorton
John Penry
John Udall Anti-hierarchy; satirical
1588-1589 -
John Udall anonymously pens "Demonstration"
Archbishop is not scriptural
Bishops are removing godly preachers
Bishops are aiding catholicism with tolerance. -
Bancroft at Paul's Cross
Preaches against Puritans and presbyterianism -
Admonition against Martin Marprelate
Thomas Cooper, Bishop in CoE
Said being against hierarchy is anti-gov't since Liz is the head -
The Act against Puritans
Outlawed separatism
Some hanged
Puritans were quiescent for the rest of the 90s -
Bancroft publishes anonymously
Dangerous Positions
A Survey of the Pretended Holy Discipline -
Of the laws of ecclesiastical polity
Responded to puritanism
Defended church hierarchy with Liz at head -
Lambeth Articles
Appendix to 39 Articles to clarify Calvinist position of CoE Double predestination
Perseverance of saints Liz rejected -
James I
1603-1625 -
Millenary Petition
Signed by 1,000 Puritans
Called for Godly reformation -
Hampton Court
No bishop, no king!
Failure for Puritans
Led to King James Bible -
Period: to
Richard Bancroft
1589: Preached at Paul's Cross against Puritanism and presbyterianism -
The Art of Prophesying
William Perkins
Called for godly ministers to preach, not just dumb reading -
Five Articles of Remonstrance
Published by Arminius' followers a year after his death Universal grace
Free will -
KJB published
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Period: to
George Abbot
The Puritan Archbishop -
Book of Sports
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Five Articles of Perth
Imposed English practices on the Scottish church, like kneeling for communion Puritans thought it went in wrong direction -
Synod of Dort
Rejected Arminianism Codified 5 points of Calvinism -
Plymouth Colony
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A New Gagg for an Old Goose
Richard Montagu Rebutted Catholic criticism of CoE
Minimized differences with Catholicism -
The Spanish Match
James pushed for Charles to marry Spanish princess Maria Anna Led to Puritan conspiracy theories that it was an attempt to restore Catholicism Spain required Charles to convert to Catholicism, so he rejected. -
Apello
Richard Montagu Attacked Calvinism: double predestination and perseverance of the saints -
Charles Marries Henrietta Maria
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Royal Proc. against controversial preaching
Must use BoCP Laud's; Abbot had been sidelines by Charles -
York House Conference
At Buckingham's residence: King, Puritans, Montagu, Privy Council To discuss Montagu's writings Rupture between Puritans and Buckingham -
Abbot refuses to authorize loan sermon
Sidelined by Charles; Laud ascends -
The Petition of Right
Against:
1. Arbitrary taxes (forced loans)
2. Marshall law Led to Charles dissolving Parliament 1629 -
Royal Proclamation on Homily and Surplice
Church hierarchy visited churches to enforce practices -
Commons asks Lambeth addition to BoCP
Failed, but showed growing Puritan influence in Commons Parliament dissolved one week later -
Histriomastix
By William Prynne Attacked Christmas and theater
Women actors were "notorious whores" = Henrietta Maria Prynne pilloried, imprisoned, ears cut off, branded with SL (seditious libeler = stigmata Laudis) -
Period: to
William Laud
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Book of Sports Reissued
Charles demands it be read from pulput -
Prynne, Burton & Bastwick sentenced
For their pamphleting, they were pillories, their ears were cut off, and they were sentenced to life in prison. All were released in 1640 -
Charles leads expedition to Scotland
To impose the BoCP, bring Scotland into uniformity with CoE Led to riots -
Scottish National Covenant
Rejected the attempt by King Charles I and William Laud to force the Scottish church to conform to English liturgical practice and church governance. The covenant reaffirmed Reformed faith and Presbyterian discipline and denounced the attempted changes, but it also urged loyalty to the king. Led to 1st Bishops' War -
First Bishops' War
1639
Royalists vs. Covenanters
Charles is self-financed Charles outmatched; minimal casualties Charles agrees to refer all matters to Scottish Parliament -
The Short Parliament
April to May, 1640 Charles unsuccessfully tries to raise funds for war -
Canons of 1640
- Divine right
- Anti-Puritan: all must attend full prayer-book service; condemned critical writing of church government.
- Et Cetera Oath: clergy must swear support for church government
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Second Bishops War
Scots invade the coal-rich Newcastle and route the Royalists Charles agrees to pay Scottish war expenses -
Long Parliament
November 1640-1660 Elections in November 1640 made Parliament even more dominated by Puritans -
Root & Branch Petition
To abolish Church of English government Complaints:
1. Ignorant ministers
2. CoE becoming too Catholic (Arminian)
3. Et Cetera Oath Failed due to bishops in House of Lords.
Led to Bishops Exclusion Act. -
William Laud Arrested
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Triennial Act
King must summon Parliament every 3 years for 50 days. Abolished High Commission (enforced religious authority)
Passed -
Thomas Wentworth Executed
For raising Irish Catholic army to fight against Covenanters -
Habeas Corpus Act
Abolished Star Chamber -
Irish Rebellion
Uprising by Irish Catholics in the Kingdom of Ireland who wanted an end to anti-Catholic discrimination Also wanted to prevent a possible invasion or takeover by anti-Catholic English Parliamentarians and Scottish Covenanters. -
Grand Remonstrance
Led by William Pym 204 points of objection to Charles
Called for removal of bishops
Blamed state of affairs on Catholic conspiracy and Laud Charles rejected -
Charles Flees London
Accompanied by many Royalist MPs and Lords, giving the anti-episcopal faction a majority in both houses -
Bishops Exclusion Act
Removed bishops from House of Lords and Privy Council. Went into effect in February 1642. -
19 Propositions
Parliamentary ultimatum to Charles:
1. Parliament should control military
2. Parliament decides Kings children's education
3. Parliament decides Church's future Do this and we pay. Charles acknowledges English is a "mixed constitution" but says no. -
English Civil War Begins
Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") vs. Royalists led by Charles I ("Cavaliers")