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Made Liz Supreme Governor of CoE
Oath of Supremacy -
Re-established Book of Common Prayer
Required church attendance -
Co-wrote 2nd Book of Homilies (1563)
Wrote "Book or Advertisements" (1566) -
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John Jewel
First Anglican vs catholic text -
Mostly by Matthew Parker, some John Jewel -
1st English edition -
Led to Book of Advertisements
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Vestments Controversy
Matthew Parker
Codified use of cope and surplice -
Robert Crowley
Earliest puritan manifest -
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Spoke of corrupt ministers "And yet you in the meanwhile that all these whoredoms are committed...you are so well contented to let all alone." -
Scripture only
No good works
No purgatory or saint -
Enforced 39 Articles
If you didn't follow, you were defrocked
Led to:
1. "A View on Popish Abuses" by John Field
2. "Admonition to Parliament" Wilcox and Field
3. "Answer to a Certain Libel" Whitgift
4. "Replye to An Answere Made of M. Doctor Whitgift" Cartwright Field and Wilcox imprisoned one year
Cartwright fled -
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Puritan Manifesto
John Field & Thomas Wilcox
To eliminate catholic practices
• authority of scripture
• anti-hierarchy
• Preach, don't read -
John Whitgift
Defended church hierarchy
Response to Admonition to Parliament -
John Field -
- copious Calvinist notes
- not authorized, but influential
- original from 1560
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Robert Browne
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Clergy must subscribe to three articles.
1. Liz is head
2. Use BoCP and say that it "contained nothing in it contrary to the word of God."
3. 39 Articles Caused great opposition. By 1583 Whitgift allowed a form of conditional subscription. Only Field and a few others were deprived. -
Wrote "An Answer to a Certain Libel" defending church hierarchy
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A defense of the government established in the Church of England for ecclesiastical matters
Defended church hierarchy
Adressed in 1st Marprelate tract -
Advocated for presbyterian reform. One of multiple Parliamentary bills in the mid 1580s aimed at reforming the church. Liz often intervened to quash them.
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Waldegrave discovered as printer. His press is seized and destroyed. -
Summer of '88
Seen as providential -
Job Throckmorton
John Penry
John Udall Anti-hierarchy; satirical
1588-1589 -
Archbishop is not scriptural
Bishops are removing godly preachers
Bishops are aiding catholicism with tolerance. -
Preaches against Puritans and presbyterianism -
Thomas Cooper, Bishop in CoE
Said being against hierarchy is anti-gov't since Liz is the head -
Outlawed separatism
Some hanged
Puritans were quiescent for the rest of the 90s -
Dangerous Positions
A Survey of the Pretended Holy Discipline -
Responded to puritanism
Defended church hierarchy with Liz at head -
Appendix to 39 Articles to clarify Calvinist position of CoE Double predestination
Perseverance of saints Liz rejected -
1603-1625 -
Signed by 1,000 Puritans
Called for Godly reformation -
No bishop, no king!
Failure for Puritans
Led to King James Bible -
1589: Preached at Paul's Cross against Puritanism and presbyterianism
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William Perkins
Called for godly ministers to preach, not just dumb reading -
Published by Arminius' followers a year after his death Universal grace
Free will -
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The Puritan Archbishop
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Imposed English practices on the Scottish church, like kneeling for communion Puritans thought it went in wrong direction
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Rejected Arminianism Codified 5 points of Calvinism -
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Richard Montagu Rebutted Catholic criticism of CoE
Minimized differences with Catholicism -
James pushed for Charles to marry Spanish princess Maria Anna Led to Puritan conspiracy theories that it was an attempt to restore Catholicism Spain required Charles to convert to Catholicism, so he rejected. -
Richard Montagu Attacked Calvinism: double predestination and perseverance of the saints -
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Must use BoCP Laud's; Abbot had been sidelines by Charles
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At Buckingham's residence: King, Puritans, Montagu, Privy Council To discuss Montagu's writings Rupture between Puritans and Buckingham -
Sidelined by Charles; Laud ascends
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Against:
1. Arbitrary taxes (forced loans)
2. Marshall law Led to Charles dissolving Parliament 1629 -
Church hierarchy visited churches to enforce practices
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Failed, but showed growing Puritan influence in Commons Parliament dissolved one week later
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By William Prynne Attacked Christmas and theater
Women actors were "notorious whores" = Henrietta Maria Prynne pilloried, imprisoned, ears cut off, branded with SL (seditious libeler = stigmata Laudis) -
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Charles demands it be read from pulput -
For their pamphleting, they were pillories, their ears were cut off, and they were sentenced to life in prison. All were released in 1640 -
To impose the BoCP, bring Scotland into uniformity with CoE Led to riots -
Rejected the attempt by King Charles I and William Laud to force the Scottish church to conform to English liturgical practice and church governance. The covenant reaffirmed Reformed faith and Presbyterian discipline and denounced the attempted changes, but it also urged loyalty to the king. Led to 1st Bishops' War -
1639
Royalists vs. Covenanters
Charles is self-financed Charles outmatched; minimal casualties Charles agrees to refer all matters to Scottish Parliament -
April to May, 1640 Charles unsuccessfully tries to raise funds for war -
- Divine right
- Anti-Puritan: all must attend full prayer-book service; condemned critical writing of church government.
- Et Cetera Oath: clergy must swear support for church government
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Scots invade the coal-rich Newcastle and route the Royalists Charles agrees to pay Scottish war expenses -
November 1640-1660 Elections in November 1640 made Parliament even more dominated by Puritans -
To abolish Church of English government Complaints:
1. Ignorant ministers
2. CoE becoming too Catholic (Arminian)
3. Et Cetera Oath Failed due to bishops in House of Lords.
Led to Bishops Exclusion Act. -
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King must summon Parliament every 3 years for 50 days. Abolished High Commission (enforced religious authority)
Passed -
For raising Irish Catholic army to fight against Covenanters -
Abolished Star Chamber
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Uprising by Irish Catholics in the Kingdom of Ireland who wanted an end to anti-Catholic discrimination Also wanted to prevent a possible invasion or takeover by anti-Catholic English Parliamentarians and Scottish Covenanters. -
Led by William Pym 204 points of objection to Charles
Called for removal of bishops
Blamed state of affairs on Catholic conspiracy and Laud Charles rejected -
Accompanied by many Royalist MPs and Lords, giving the anti-episcopal faction a majority in both houses -
Removed bishops from House of Lords and Privy Council. Went into effect in February 1642. -
Parliamentary ultimatum to Charles:
1. Parliament should control military
2. Parliament decides Kings children's education
3. Parliament decides Church's future Do this and we pay. Charles acknowledges English is a "mixed constitution" but says no. -
Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") vs. Royalists led by Charles I ("Cavaliers")