-
cost of the 30 year war
The population of the
German states went
down 30%, and 50% of males died. also disease, famine and
expulsion spread around the German state and reduced the
population another 30% -
holy roman empire
the war stared with the holy roman empire, as Voltaire said, “The Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire.”
-Voltaire -
holy roman empire
the roman empire was a made up of small countries with different languages, customs, and geography. They were ruled by princes and kings that were supposed to be loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor. -
religious tolerance
Ferdinand I (King of Austrian Hapsburg) even allowed communion to be done in both the Protestant and Catholic way. -
Ferdinand II (thrown overruled)
Ferdinand II took over after his cousin Holy Roman Emperor Matthias died childless. -
defenestration of Prague
Ferdinand sent Catholic nobles into the mostly Protestant city of Prague, which now is Czech Republic, to say they and force all to turn Catholic now. -
the act of defenestration of Prague
The Protestants act towards Ferdinand II sending catholic nobles into the most protestant city of Prague was responded by tossing Ferdinand II’s nobles out the window. -
consequence of defenestration of Prague
Massive death and destruction for 30 years, which lead to lots of deaths and wars. Both sides sought allies to help them. -
thirty year war
A local and small conflict ended up being a massive war dragging in every European power. -
thirty year war
Spain sent troops. (Catholic Support)
Denmark sent troops. (Protestant Support)
Sweden sent troops. (Protestant Support)
France sent troops. (Catholic Support)
England sent troops. (Protestant Support) -
destruction of swedish army
2000 castles
18,000 villages
1,500 towns
1/3 of all Germany was destroyed -
peace
peace was found in 1648, by Westphalia -
winner?
France won the thirty year war and gained territory on its
Spanish and German frontiers. -
looser?
The Hapsburgs! ALMOST lost total independence of the Holy
Roman Empire from their control and acknowledged the Holy
Roman Emperor – but he had no control over them. -
problems for the habsburgs
There is no son to take over the throne! Charles VI had no living son. He only had a daughter, Maria Theresa. but nobody would want to accept a woman ruler. a woman being Roman Holy Emperor? Didn't sound right. Charles VI spent the rest of his life getting his nobles to agree to his daughter being next. -
maria theresa
to be able for Maria Theresa to be respected and loyal, she had to marry and make her husband the emperor -
maria theresa becoms empress
Austrian war of succession stared -
maria theresa deeds
Rebuild a military, even though she didn’t really win any battles.
Started some education reforms, and that meant education for both boys and some girls.
Centralized government.
Reformed tax codes.
Nobles and the church paid as well as the commoners.
Expelled Jews from some of her lands. -
death
Died 1780 (aged 63), and her son Joseph II took
over, plus her youngest daughter became Queen Marie Antoinette in France. -
Hohenzollerns rule in Prussia
Hapsburgs created a catholic power and The Hohenzollerns created a new protestant power in Prussia. -
Fredrick Williams I
Using Louis XIV’s model he set to make the JUNKERS (German nobles) be completely under his control. -
Fredrick Williams son, Fredrick
His father wanted him to be a soldier-king. Raised him as “plain folk” without the royal surroundings. -
young Fredrick
he had other ideas, like preferred writing, poetry and music particularly playing the flute. Felt that he had to
escape his father. He tried to escaped with his friend to England to be with his grandfather, but was captured and was send by his father to be removed from the succession and to watch while his friend was beheaded. he was then released by one choice, to marry any woman his father choose and was crowned prince. -
fredrick the king
he became king of Prussia in 1740, he was a brilliant military, plus, used his military to make Prussia into a more unified territory, and beat Maria Theresa’s army.Twice. -
Fredrick the great
Made Prussia into a military power and one of the Great Nations in Europe. -
death
Since 1770s until his death
in 1786, he increasingly preferred to be isolated. His best company were his greyhounds, and was found dead in his armchair surrounded by his dogs. -
fredrick successor
his nephew, Fredrick William II