Protestant Reformation

Peace Of Augsburg

12

The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on 25 September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg

Diet Of Worms

13

The Diet of Worms was assembled by the emperor in order to discuss and examine the tenets of Martin Luther's protestations against the Catholic Church. Martin Luther was the man who initiated the Protestant Reformation.

95 Theses

13

The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany

Humanism

14

A cultural movement called humanism began to gain momentum in Italy. Among its many principles, humanism promoted the idea that man was the center of his own universe, and people should embrace human achievements in education, classical arts, literature and science.

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

15

was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion.

Council Of Trent

15

The Council of Trent, held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent, now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation at the time, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation

Printing Press

15

Printing first became mechanized in Europe during the 15th century. The earliest mention of a mechanized printing press in Europe appears in a lawsuit in Strasbourg in 1439; it reveals construction of a press for Johannes Gutenberg and his associates.

Indulgences

15

Indulgences (from the Latin verb 'indulgere', meaning "to forgive", "to be lenient toward") are a help towards achieving this purification.

Jesuits

15

, a Roman Catholic order of religious men founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola, noted for its educational, missionary, and charitable works.

The Inquisition

1148

The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas.

Pople Leo X

Dec 11, 1475

Pope Leo X was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 March 1513 to his death, in December 1521

Martin Luther

Nov 10, 1483

Martin Luther OSA was a German priest, theologian, author, , professor, and Augustinian friar. He was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. Luther was ordained to the priesthood in 1507.

Henry Vlll

Jun 28, 1491

Henry VIII was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages and his efforts to have his first marriage annulled

John Calvin

Jul 10, 1509

John Calvin was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.

Elizabeth l

Sep 7, 1533

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last monarch of the House of Tudor. Elizabeth was the only surviving child of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, who was executed when Elizabeth was two years old.

Edict Of Nantes

1598

effectively ended the French Wars of Religion by granting official tolerance to Protestantism. Henry of Navarre had been a Calvinist, but before he was crowned, he converted to Catholicism.