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The Revolution
-Focused on woman's rights & woman's suffrage
-Susan B Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton bot were publisher and editor
-They established the revolution during a period when a split was developing within the women's right movement
-Together they provided leasdership for ending slavery inthe US in 1865
-Woman's rights movement had greatly reduced its act. during the civil war -
Populist party
-The purpose of the people's party was to increase in the $ supply to help for farmers & workers
-It was mainly toards struggling farmers & desperate laborers
-The movement is associated w/ Granger (the farmers movement)
-The populist program eventually became the platform of the demo. party & kept alive the concept that the gov. is responsible for reforming social injustices
-James B.Weaver was the populist candidate for the pres. that year he pulled over 1,041,000 -
Women's Christian Temperance Union
-The purpose pf WCTU was to combat the influence of alcohol on families & society
-Frances Willard became president of the WTCU and tuned to organizing political means in addition to moral persuasion to achieve total abstinence
-The issue was seen in society as moral, issue to create prohibition through the nation -
Harsh working Conditions
-Children as young as 6y yrs old worked hard hours for little or no pay
-Women mostly found jobs in domestic service textile factories & spice work shops
-Children sometimes worked up to 19 hpurs w/ one break
-Women were paid less then half & children a third of what men made
-Women worked in dangerous locations
-IF one was hurt head or arm cut off -
Assassination of President James Garfield
-Shot came from .99 British Bulldogs, which the assassin Chailes J. Guiteau, had purchased specifically because he thought it would look impressive in a museum
-He had killed Garfield because of the presidents refusal to appoint him to a European consulship
-The assassin was known around Washington as an emotionally disturbed man
-He was convinced that is a God's work -
Pendleton Act of 1883
-Provided the federal gov .jobs awarded ion the basis of merit and be selected through competitive exams
-In 1881 a mentally unstable men assassinated James A. Garfield in protest in protest against not obtaining a gov. job
-The public's reaction caused president Arthur to introduce this law
-Patronage system; practice where after winning an election, gives gov. jobs to its supporters/friends
-Merit system: process of promoting and hiring employees based on their ability to perform a job -
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
- The act created a federal regulatory agency, which it charged with monitoring railroads to ensure that they complied with the new regulations
- First law to regulate private industry in the United States.
- The power of the act is to the railroads rates be "reasonable just"
- Interstate commerce commission to enforce the regulation and investigate allegations of fraud, deception, and discrimination.
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The progressive Era
-The progressive era was a time of social and political reforms during which corruption and social differences were exposed,many changes were made to american society
-Progressive era was a time of reform such as initative and referendum (vote) -
Sherman Antitrust Act
-Purpose was to prohibit trusts, were arrangement where stockholders transferred their shares to a single group of men.
-Congress wanted tor regulate interstate commerce and also prohibit monopolies and activities that hindered competition
-This was the first federal program for regulating private business
-Standard oil felt pressure from government
-Andrew Carnegie>accumulation of great wealth, convinced that those who had wealth had a moral duty to donate most of it. -
Red Record
-Ida B. Wells, the co-founder of the NAACP, wrote the Red Record
-The central topic of the pamphlet was to inform everyone on how black people were being treated,example: some would get lynched, some of the states would treat them horribly like Alabama,Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas, and they would be punished for.
-The Red Record's effect on society us the states began recognizing the seriousness of these subjects, and began taking action -
Plessy vs Fergunson
-Law case of the US supreme Ct it held state racial segregation laws for pubic facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
-"Separate but equal" did not violate the 14th amendment of the US constitutions in 1886 which guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens
The expression most often refers to the legally or socially enforced separation of African american from other races, but also applies the general discrimination against ppl of color by white communities -
Discovery Gold of the Klondlike region
-The Klondlike gold rush was an event of migration by an estimated 100,000 people prospecting to the Klondlike region of the North-Western Canada only 30,000 actually made it in the Klondlike
-Gold was discovered in many rich deposits along the Klondlike river
-Newspapers created a hysteria that was nationwide and m,a y people quit their jobs & then left for the Klondlike to become gold-diggers
-Many did not find gold many made money off the hardware store selling top the prospectors -
Muckraker Jounalism
-Muckraker journalism was one magazine journalist who exposed the corrupt side of business & public life in the early 1900's
-Jopurnalists described immigrant ghettos and the poor living conditions of tenement housing
-Muckraker condemned exploitation of chlid labor & white slave tariff in women
-They exposed Rockefeller oil & industry his monopolists ways -
The jungle
- Written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair
-Focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago & to exploit the labor of men & women for profit
-Magnified the sickening conditions of the packaging industry
-As result of making the public aware of the filthy & dangerous condition, each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meat inspection act & the pure food and drug act
- Written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair
-Focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago & to exploit the labor of men & women for profit
-Magnified the sickening conditions of the packaging industry
-As result of making the public aware of the filthy & dangerous condition, each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meat inspection act & the pure food and drug act
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Pure food & drug act
- The cause of the pure food and drug act was because of all the musketeers like upon Sinclair writing stories on the working conditions and how filthy the federal were
- The power of the food and drug act is to protect the public against adulteration of food and from products identified as healthful without scientific support
- The pure food and drug act they had the responsibility of testing all food and drugs destined for human consumption and the requirements for prescriptions
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Social Gospel
-Settlement houses like the hull house w/ Jane Addams & religious groups helped start the "social gospel movement"
-They believed that churches had a duty to solve society's problems & preached salvation through service to the poor
-They were criticized by others, believed the social gospel mobvement, because thery sdid not believe their reforms could help
-The progressive Era, inspired even more reform acts for example the (YMCA) & the inspiration of (WCTU) -
16th Amendment
-Allows the congress to levy an income tax on the people
-its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power toward the federal gov. and away from the states
-Progressive:favoring or advancing progress and change
-Revenue- collective items of income of a person, state, etc
-Tariff- tax or duty to be paid -
NAACP
- Founded to fight the Plessy Vs Ferguson
- Fought for equal rights for African Americans
_ The NAACP's principal objective is to ensure political educational social and economic equality for all the minority groves and eliminate racism
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The Bull Moose Party
- The founded of the bull moose party is the Theodore Roosevelt -He was defeated in the republic Primaries and broke off.
- The party advocated women suffrage. Women's compensation an eight hour work day a minimum wage for women, federal law against child labor and federal trade
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17th Amendment
-The senate of the US shall be composed of 2 senators from each state, elected by the people there of, for 6yrs and each senator shall have 1 vote
-It changed the theory about who senators represented, shifting and focus from state govs. to the residents of states
-Direct elections: system of choosing political office holders in hold in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person -
Federal Reserve Act
- Nation needed a way to strengthen the ways in which banks were run
- The act divided the nation into 12 districts and establish a central bank in each district
- the federal reserve banks could issue new paper currency in emergency situations and members banks could use the new currency to make loans to their costumers
- by 1923 roughly 70% of the nations banking resources were part of the federal reserve system
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18th Amendment
-Speakeasy: licit established that sells alcoholic beverages
-Flapper: generation of young western women in 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair,listened to jazz and flaunted their unacceptable behavior -
19th Amendment
-Women wanted equality
-Granted women the right t vote- a right known as suffrage
-Helped women move closer to equality ion al;l aspects of american life
-Women advocated for jobs, fair wages, education, sex education, and birth control
