-
Muckrakers
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public -
Splendid Little War
Nickname for Spanish American war coined by Hay, indicative of US attitude and cockiness. -
Causes of the Spanish-American War
Yellow journalism, imperialism, Spain brutality to the Cubans, explosion of the USS Maine. -
"Remember the Maine"
Causes of the Spanish-American War
Yellow journalism, imperialism, Spain brutality to the Cubans, explosion of the USS Maine.
"Remember the Maine"
After the U.S. battle cruiser Maine exploded in Havana harbor, the New York Journal rallied its readers to "Remember the Maine," galvanizing popular support for the U.S. war against Spain. Evidence of Spanish complicity in the explosion was not found; the likely cause was later found to have been internal to the ship -
USS Maine
Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War -
William Randolph Hearst
A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism." -
Rough Riders
Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War -
Battle of San Juan Hill
July 1, 1898-One of the most important battles of the Spanish-American War. Roosevelt, the Rough Riders and Pershing's Buffalo Soldiers defeated Spanish on Kettle and San Juan Hill. -
Admiral Dewey
a United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War -
Manila Bay
This Battle took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish-American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Admiral Patricio Montojo that marked an end to wooden ships to the more powerful American Steel Navy. -
Treaty of Paris
(1898) treaty that ended the Spanish American war. Provided that Cuba be free from Spain. -
Jane Addams
the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes -
Ida Tarbell
A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil. -
Jacob Riis
Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen -
Robert La Follette
Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary -
Eugene V. Debs
Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America. -
Upton Sinclair
Wrote the jungle, studied the working conditions and gross plants for 7 weeks. -
Woodrow Wilson
President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations. -
William Howard Taft
(1908-1912), was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on progressive program, then he didn't appoint any Progressives to the Cabinet, actively pursued anti-trust law suits, appoints Richard Ballinger as Secretary of the Interior, Ballinger opposed conservation and favored business interests, Taft fires Gifford Pinchot (head of U.S. forestry), ran for re-election in 1912 but lost to Wilson -
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War -
reform
to change for the better -
Hull House
settlement house founded by Progressive reformer Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889 -
Recall
procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office -
Referendum
A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment. -
Arbitration
settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider -
Secret ballot / Australian ballot
First used in Australia in the 1880s. All candidates names were to be printed on the same white piece of paper at the government's expense and polling was to be done in private. It was opposed by the party machines, who wanted to be able to pressure people into voting for their candidates, but it was implemented and is still in use. -
direct primary
A primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office -
conservation
Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment -
Initiative
process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot -
Hepburn Act
This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods. -
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
law that regulated the food and patent medicine industries; some business leaders called it socialistic meddling by the government. -
Meat Inspection Act
1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions -
Progessivism
a social reform movement based on improving society through the power of the government -
Interstate Commerce Commission
an agency that sets the laws for all the companies that do business across state lines -
Square Deal
Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers -
Coal Strike of 1902
1902 T. Roosevelt set the precedent by settling this strike using arbitration -
Bull Moose Party
nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912 -
Clayton Antitrust Act
1914 act designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890; certain activities previously committed by big businesses, such as not allowing unions in factories and not allowing strikes, were declared illegal. -
New Freedom
Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete. -
federal Trade Commission (FTC)
An agency that regulates a variety of business practices and curbs false advertising, misleading pricing, and deceptive packaging and labeling -
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Repulican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff). -
16th Amendment
income tax -
17th Amendment
Direct election of senators. -
18th Amendment
prohibition -
Suffrage
right to vote -
Democrat
Name of Wilson's party in Election of 1912 -
Federal Reserve Act
law that created the modern banking system -
Underwood-Simmons Tariff
1914, lowered tariff, substantially reduced import fees. Lost tax revenue would be replaced with an income tax that was implemented with the 16th amendment. -
Populists
A party made up of farmers and laborers that wanted direct election of senators and an 8hr working day -
William Jennings Bryan
Democratic candidate for president in 1896 under the banner of "free silver coinage" which won him support of the Populist Party. -
Gifford Pinchot
head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them -
Havana
capital of cuba -
Manila
capital of Philippines -
19th Amendment (1920)
Womens right to vote