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The Proclamation
- after the French and Indian war, west of the Appelation mountains were not available for settlement for the Americans.
- Prohibited Colonists from trading or forming agreements with the Indians.
- the first measure to effect all 13 colonies. -angered the Americans as they had fought in a long war and seemingly did not gain much from in, in terms of settlement expansion.
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General Thomas Gage
-British General that lead the British troops against the American rebellion for 10 years
-experienced with settling Native agreements, trade and communication.
-was an adviser for the King, he sent important and unsympathetic reports, effecting how the King saw the colonies.
-failed to contain rebellion and the outbreak of American Revolution.
-General Gage often angered the colonists and especially the Patriots. -
Townshend Acts
-A series of laws and taxes created by the King to make Americans repay war debt.
-Taxes on: glass, lead, paints, tea and paper.
-The colonists decided to limit imports and exports to/from GB, as they saw this act as an abuse of power.
-The King repealed the acts in 1770, excluding the tea tax.
-Encouraged the Americans to protest and boycott. When they succeeded, it showed them that they can fight and win against the King. -
Boston Massacre
-Protest from Colonists to British soldiers
-controversial on who started the fighting
-British shot into crowd killing five and injuring more.
-John Adams defended the British soldiers in court and after succeeding, the King ruled that all court cases would be dealt with in Great Britain.
-Enraged the Americans greatly. Many were angered and because no one could say exactly what happened with certainty, the story of the Boston Massacre could be very bias. -
Committee of Correspondence
-Patriot's form of communication, in response to the King restricting their government and rights.
-evaluated and inspected house records
-Created a Blacklist to isolate loyalists socially and economically.
-Almost each colony had a Committee of Correspondence.
-These committees created a solid spy network and communication, aiding the Patriots against the Britain soldiers. -
Boston Tea Party
-Sons of Liberty led a protest in response to the Tea Act that gave a monopoly on tea to the struggling British East India Company.
-Sons of Liberty boarded three ships and proceeded to throw the Tea overboard. There was about 340 chests of tea thrown into the sea.
-This event pushed the king to create the Coercive acts, effecting and making more Americans angry. -
Intolerable Acts
-King's response to Boston Tea Party and boycotts
Intolerable Acts included:
-Quartering act: required colonists to house and feed British troops.
-Boston Port Bill: Closed the port of Boston to colonists until costs from Tea Party were repaid.
-Massachusetts Government Act: Gives British majority of control of colonie's government.
-These acts created more material for rebellion from the colonies. Colonists reacted with boycotts and rage. -
Lexington and Concord
-growing tensions between GB and colonists
-British soldiers marched in to seize American arms
-three riders go to warn others.
-Militiaman confronted the troops to slow them down.
-British retreat after heavy fire.
-Boosted moral for Patriots and gave hope that there was a chance at winning against GB. -
Olive Beanch Petition
-Colonists asking for a second chance
-Asking to receive respect, more independence and restriction of laws
-Apologetic, submissive and respectful of the King
-The king concluded that he would not restrict the taxes and laws he had put in place. -
Declaration of Independence
-Colonist's response to the King ignoring the Olive Branch Petition.
-Defient and agressive towards GB.
-Defines the reasons behind rebellion such as raised taxes and the Intolerable acts.
-Declares war on Great Britain