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Relationship between the state and the Amerindians
During the 17th century, the relationship between the French and the Amerindians were alliances based on the fur trade. -
Dynamics of the colony and the mother country
Administration in New France had to follow the instructions of the mother country. France was only interested in it as long as it could supply it with resources. The king did not want the colony to develop it'w own economy. -
Political Power in New France
The Royal Government was established in 1663. It was inspired by the provincial administrative system in France and was part of the French Regime's absolute monarchy. It was composed of the governor General and the Intendant. -
Relationship between the Church and the State
Those who were in administration had to follow the rules of the church. Francois de Laval held the most superior position in the catholic clergy at the time when the royal government was set up. -
Articles of Capitulation
in September a document was signed giving the terms under which the French would surrender. The document was called the Articles of Capitulation(1760) and it stated:
1. The French Militia could return home, no one would lose their property
2. The French Regular military would lay down their arms and leave.
3. The people could practice the R.C. religion, but the Bishop would have to leave.
4. The people who stayed would become British Subjects. -
The Power structure from 1763 to 1791
In the British regime, the head of the state in Canada was the governor general. Set by the British monarchy. This role was basically getting orders from the mother country and giving them to the people in the colony. -
Treaty of Paris
After the 7 year war ends the treaty of Paris was signed. All the territory known as New France is given to the King of England except two small islands. St Pierre and Miquelon. -
Royal Proclamation
Now that the king had the colony he needed to do something about all the new people (French). He renamed the colony to Quebec. He decreased the borders to around the St-Lawrence river.
Civilian Government in which a governor runs the executive council. English laws were applied. He applied the Township system. No bishop or catholics in public office. -
Difficulties of the first Governors
James Murray found the Royal Proc. didn't work. He changed the rules back to French. All the english were mad at him but it was the right thing to do. -
No one was happy in Quebec
13 colonies were unhappy because they had fought for the Ohio Valley and it was denied to them. British merchants did not have the power they wanted. Many religion problems. -
James Murray
French were lucky to have him, however the British merchants were fed up of his policies and Murray was recalled in 1766. -
Constitutional Act
This made the upper and lower Canada. Upper Canada was 20 000 English people and lower Canada was 160 000 people. These were mostly French but there were 10% English. Kept their catholic religion, civil laws and now francophone could work in the administration of Lower Canada. -
Representative Government
The constitutional act bring in a charge in government: Representative government. The Governor general held the veto power. The Lieutenant Governor acted as deputy governor. The Executive Council appointed by the governor to advise him Legislative council also appointed, approve or reject laws from the assembly Legislative assembly people elected every 4 years. Had the power to approve or disapprove taxes. They also had the right to create laws. Ordinary people right to vote for the first time -
Political Parties in Lower Canada
Governor-British appointed
Legislative council-All english-speaking merchants and seigneurs;friends of Governor; appointed not elected; veto power Legislative assembly voted by citizens - representative. Two political parties dominated: British Party (chateau Clique & Tories)- wealthy British and French who supported British rule; true power brokers. Parti Canadien (partie Patriote)- Wealthy and poor French; early separatists; intellectuals & professionals; unhappy with power. -
Political Parties in Upper Canada
Governor - British appointed
Legislative Council - English speaking merchants and landowners: friends of Governor; appointed not elected; veto power. Legislative Assembly - voted by citizens - (male property owners) government was representative In Upper Canada, two political parties dominated: Family Compact - Wealthy British Tories (conservatives)Reformers - Intellectuals and professionals -
92 Resolutions
Louis Joseph Papineau was the leader of the Parti Patriote. He wrote a loeeter containing the demands of the assembly in 1834. The main demand was for responsible government and the the council should be chosen from the elected assemby. The government made up by the people would be responsible for its decisions. Papineau’s document was sent to London to be reviewed. -
Charlottetown Conferance
The Charlottetown Conference was held in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island for representatives from the colonies of British North America to discuss Canadian Confederation. The conference took place between September 1 through 9, 1864. -
Great Depression
During the great depression there was a high number of unemployed people. Because of this the welfare state began to arise, to please the citizens and get them to vote for that party. There was also Unemployment insurance. Family allowance. Conscription crisis #2. Equalization payments introduced in 1957 -
Quiet Revolution
Driven by cultural and political assertion of Quebecers and the desire for a government with a more interventionist role Jean Lesage was a lawyer and a Federal politician for 4 terms in the federal parliament with the liberals and later ran for head of the Quebec Liberal Party when the Conservatives ousted Mackenzie King's federal Liberals in 1958 1960 campaigned with c'est le temps que ça change
1962 élection slogan used was maîtres chez nous -
Language within Quebec
1961 - Lesage (Liberal) creates the office de la langue francaise was created to promote the French Language.
1974 - Bourassa (Liberal) adopts the official language Act, Bill 22, making French the official language of Quebec.
1977 - Levesque (PQ) enacts the Charter of the French language, Bill 101, making it compulsory for immigrant children to go to French school, forced large companies to adopt french and imposed french on -
Quebec and Canada Constitution
In response to the referendum of 1980, trudeau attempts to unify the country by patriating (BNA Act was transferred from Britain to the Federal and Provincial legislatures) the constitution - full independence from Great Britain. -
Quebec Act
This was to guarantee French Canadian Loyalty. Enlarges the are of Quebec. Denied an elected assembly. Appointed council. French civil laws were re instated. Test of oath of Allegiance to king.
