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Dec 2, 1500
first occupants
Society was a Matriarchy; leadership and decision making was the responsibility of women.
Algonkians
Society was a Patriarchy; Father played vital leadership role. -
Power relations between Amerindians and the colonial administrators
Strategic military alliances in order to protect their economic interests in the fur trade.
French Hurons Basically Iroquois. Primary group to trade with the French. Fought against the Iroquois over control of the fur trade territory LOST. French fought against Iroquois take over until about 1703
English – Iroquois. Allies with the British and fought against the French for control over the fur trade. Almost wiped out the Hurons.
Competition increased as the British replaced the Dutch in Albany. -
Power relations between Amerindians and the colonial administrators part 2
The native allies of the French have been destroyed by the Iroquios, the French were forced to go out and collect furs deeper into the forest.
The coureurs des bois are formed, they are French settlers who travel deep into the forest, lived with the natives much of the year, and traded with the Amerindians -
Power relations between Amerindians and the colonial administrators part 3
The Great Peace of Montreal was a peace treaty between New France and 40 First Nations of North America. It was signed by Louis-Hector de Callière, governor of New France, and 1300 representatives of 40 aboriginal nations.
The French, allied to the Hurons and the Algonquians, provided 16 years of peaceful relations and trade before war started again. Present for the diplomatic event were the various peoples; part of the Iroquois confederacy, the Huron peoples, and the Algonquian peoples. -
royal government
Next to alter the political situation; under the old system the companies who held a monopoly were almost destroying New France. The king ended the monopoly and placed New France under the Minister of Marine who at the time was Jean-Baptiste Colbert. He and Louis decided to implement Royal Government in 1663. -
the great peace treaty of montreal
The Great Peace of Montreal was a peace treaty between New France and 40 First Nations of North America. It was signed on August 4, 1701, by Louis-Hector de Callière, governor of New France, and 1300 representatives of 40 aboriginal nations.
The French, allied to the Hurons and the Algonquians, provided 16 years of peaceful relations and trade before war started again.
This has sometimes been called the "Grand Settlement of 1701." -
relation between church and state 1702
Church is implicated in political decisions because of its role in Le Conseil souverain (Sovereign Council). The Clergy was everywhere:
Priests in charge of parishes (cure)
Priests working as missionaries
Nuns working in hospitals The King assumes power based on the principal of Divine Right of kings. -
relation between colony and mother country
The influence of decisions made by the mother country on the power in the colony.
Absolute monarchy: The king names administrators of the colony and can still reverse any decisions they make. -
articles of capitualation
The French Militia could return home, no one would lose their property
The French Regular military would lay down their arms and leave.
The people could practice the R.C. religion, but the Bishop would have to leave.
The people who stayed would become British Subjects.
No mass deportation occurred(only the Elite left) the fate of the colony was still undecided and so the colony waited under British Military Rule of James Murray, until the war in Europe would end. -
treaty of paris
7rys war ends. All the Territory known as New France is given to the King of England except two small Islands, (St.Pierre, Miquelon) -
royal proclamation
It gives the King’s new colony a name, The Province of Quebec
Put in place a civilian Government to run the new
Colony: The King appointed a Governor who then appointed members of an Executive Council to advise him.
English Criminal and Civil laws were applied.
Unused land would be divided by the Township System
No new Bishop would be allowed
No Roman Catholics could hold public office (Test Act)
No new French speaking people were coming in but many Eng. were. -
Difficulties of first Governor (James Murray)-British Regime
James Murray found the Royal Proclamation unworkable, only 1% of the population of Quebec was Eng/Protestant.
He bent the rules, and allowed a new bishop, new french laws in lower court and did not call and elective assembly.
English merchants greatly apposed, demanded for new Governor. -
Guy Carleton-British Regime
Carleton was tolerant towards the French in Quebec. He wanted to have their loyalty as the Americans were beginning to demand their Independence. He as well, addopts same attitude as Murray.
13 colonies were upset, because they had fought to gain control of the Ohio Valley, however it was denied to them.
English merchants were upset because there was no longer elected assembly.
The Canadiens were afraid of loosing the rights to their religion, so they stayed quiet. -
The Loyalists-British Regime
Eng.pop of QC had a sudden increase of 1-10%.
They followed Township system.
Loyalists were used to Eng.civil laws.
They wrote petitions to London for change.
After years of complaining they got their wish. -
Quebec Act-British Regime
Guarantees French Canadian loyalty
Enlarges Quebec
Denied an elected assembly
Appointed council (min.17 members)
French laws were applied, tithe and seigneurial system are back.
Test Act oath: Swear to the king that you're loyal.
This all made the Americans very upset.
In the states, americans needed birtish protection from French.
They were unhappy with 13 colonies for not being involved in war.
British put strict control on trading with French.
Loyalists get kicked out, move to QC -
The Constitutional Act + Representative Gov-British Regime
Quebec was split into two pieces called, Upper and Lower CA.
Referring to the Upper or Lower river.
Lower CA was almost entirely French and Upper CA was mostly english.
This brought a change in government:
The representative gov, including;
Governor, in charge of administration (veto power)
Lieutnant gov,deputy governor.
Executive council, advised governor
Legi Counc,approve or reject laws.
Legi Assemb,approve or dissaprove taxes.
People,men over 21 had a say of gov. (Vote!!) -
The rebellions-British Regime
From 1837-1838, the Parti-Patriote lead by leader Louis Joeseph Papineau wanted a responsible government, but British refused their demands which caused the rebellion.
Therefore, Lord Durham was sent to help the situation.
He had 3 suggestions;
British should increase immigration to assimilate the French.
The 2 Canada's should unite.
Responsible government should take away veto power.
All his suggestions were rejected by the British authorities. -
Act of Union-British Regime
Province of Quebec now becomes Canada east and Canada west.
They each have 42 members on their assembly.
The Governor has veto power.
Both Canada's equally pay for Canada debts. -
Separation of Church and State-Contemporary Period
Church still played it's role.
But in 1960, there was the separation of Church and state.
There were 3 conferences held to discuss the merger.
1.The Charlottetown confrence decided the merger was a good idea in 1864.
2.The Quebec confrence decided that the 72 resolutions would make the merger possible in 1864.
3.The London confrence decided for a self governing government in 1867 (BNAA). -
Labour movement vs State
Until the 1950's the government avoided public sectors.
Labour unions had pressure tactics like going on strike, to gain equal pay and equal rights.
Later on, the seperatist and sovereignist parti quebecois was elected for the first time. -
Language groups vs State
The French groups fight for their language to be official.
Therefore Bill 101 is installed in 1960-1970.
The children of Bill 101 is the name given to the generation of children whose parents immigrated to Quebec, Canada after the adoption of the Charter of the French Language (Bill 101). -
Environmental groups/Social justice vs State
n the 1990's alterglobalization groups were recognized. This depended on citizen engagement. -
Federal/Provincial power relations
Since the confederation, Quebec government fought against federal interference.
Quebec sovereignty subject of 2 referendums. -
Media vs State
Media has an influence on public opinion and the state.
In 1990, media gained greater access of government's documents. -
Feminist movements vs State
Femenist groups fight for woman's rights to vote.
In 1940, woman finally gain the right to vote for the first time.
Due to pressure tactics and demanding laws, the birth control pill was as well legalized.
