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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded
-Civil rights-the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
- it involved a group of students,
-a peaceful protest at a segregated coffee shop in Chicago in 1943 -
Dodgers HIRE Jackie Robinson
-color line- a line that separates whites from blacks
-robinson and the Dodgers broke the color line
-robinson took the field in 1945 -
Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
-Thurgood Marshall- an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991
-the 1954 Supreme Court ruling declaring that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional
-Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, and Washington, D.C were the states involved -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (start)
-Boycott- withdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest.
-Rosa Parks- an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement"
-Rosa did not do any harm and was arrested for not getting up and telling a white man no
- this started the Montgomery bus Boycott -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
-SCLC- Southern Christian Leadership Conference
- the african american society were the people involved
-MLK was the president of the organization -
Integration of Central High School
-Little Rock Nine- The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957
-a group of nonwhite wanted to get a good education and were enrolled and protected by officers so they wouldn't be harmed
- they were called names, got things thrown at them and got threatened by other white students -
First Lunch Counter Sit-in
-Jim Crow Laws- enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States
-Sit-In- a civil rights protest in which protesters sit down in a public place and refuse to move, thereby causing the business to lose customers
- the sit ins involved african americans, and the jim crow laws effected african americans -
Freedom Rides
-Civil Disobedience- the nonviolent refusal to obey a law that the protester considers to be unjust
-SNCC- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
- college students were the people involved in the SNCC
- to test whether southern states were complying with the Supreme Court ruling against segregation on interstate transport] -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Plessy v. Ferguson- a landmark act that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin; the most important civil rights law since Reconstruction
-it involved non whites that didn't have their own rights and that were fighting for them
-the most important civil rights law passed since Reconstruction -
March on Washington
-NAACP- national Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- the march on Washington was a 1963 protest in which more than 250,000 people demonstrated in the nation's capital for "jobs and freedom" and the passage of civil rights legislation
-Philip Randolph, the head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, had proposed the march in 1941 -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-disenfranchise- the right to vote.
- an act of Congress outlawing literacy tests and other tactics that had long been used to deny African Americans the right to vote -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
-Nation of Islam- a group of blacks that were also islamic
-Malcom X- an african american muslim minister
-black nationalism- a doctrine, promoted by the Nation of Islam, calling for complete separation from white society -
Black Panther Party Founded
-Black Power- a movement in support of rights and political power for black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s. - the black panther party was a group founded in 1966 that demanded economic and political rights and was prepared to take violent action -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
- discrimination- -the act was about the refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of his race, color, religion, or national origin
- this act effects how the blacks were treated
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Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
-desegregation- the ending of a policy of racial segregation
-the 1971 Supreme Court ruling that busing was an acceptable way to achieve school integration
- this involved all the school workers and the students -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
-Affirmative action- a policy that calls on employers to actively seek to increase the number of minorities in their workforce
-outlawed discrimination in hiring based on race, religion, gender, or national origin
- Affirmative action was first introduced by President John F. Kennedy -
Watts Riot
-Kerner Commission-The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
-ghettos- a part of a city where people belonging to a single ethnic group live
-a 1965 race riot in Watts, a black ghetto in Los Angeles, caused by frustrations about poverty, prejudice, and police mistreatmen -
executive order 9981
- segregation- grouping of people by race -president truman signs this executive order, it effects those in the military -this order ends segregation in the military
