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G.I. Bill
The G. I. Bill of Rights or Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 provided for college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as GIs or G. I.s) as well as one-year of unemployment compensation. It also provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses. Congressional Act to provide governmental subsidies for returning WW II veterans to further their education or start a business -
Fat Man
the code name for the type of atomic bomb that was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States on August 9, 1945. The bomb was 128 inches long and 60 inches in diameter and weighed 10,300 pounds. The blast yielded 21 Kilotons -
Period: to
Cold War
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Truman Doctrine
Truman Doctrine committed the United States to a foreign policy based on Kennan's strategy of containment. Truman hoped to stop the spread of communism, limiting the system to countries in which it already existed. Underlying his policy was the assumption that the Soviet Union sought world domination. The United States believed it had to fight this effort, with aid as needed and with force if necessary. -
Hector P. Garcia
served in WWII; witnessed discrimination against Mexican Americans during war and led to find American GI forum. It originally was to increase veteran's benefits for Mexican Americans, but later included education, public housing, and other policy areas. He was the first Mexican American awarded American Medal of Freedom 1984 -
Marshall Plan
Secretary of State, George C. Marshall's plan to provide economic assistance to all European nations that would join in drafting a program for recovery. Sixteen western nations participated. The United States gave over $13 billion (adjusting to inflation to $110 billion today) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. -
Fair Deal
Truman's program of carrying on FDR's New Deal liberal social and economic legislation. The program called for improved housing , full employment, higher minimum wage, better farm price supports, new TVA's, and the extension of social security. Its only successes: raised the minimum wage, better public housing, extended old-age insurance to more people. -
McCarthyism
In 1950, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy began a sensational campaign against communists (entertainers, teachers, democrats, gov't officials, screenwriters) that led to more than four years of charges and counter charges, ending when the Senate censored him in 1954. McCarthyism became the contemporary name for the red scare of the 1950's. -
Rock and Roll
Musical style that rose to dominance in the 1950s, merging rhythm and blues with white bluegrass and country; featuring a heavy beat and driving rhythm, rock 'n' roll music became a defining feature of 1950s youth culture. Rock n roll (The word) derives from the acts of intercourse. Often times, white artist would re do black artists music and see greater success -
Little Richard
Known for his flamboyant performances, Little Richard's hit songs from the mid-1950s were defining moments in the development of rock ‘n’ roll. Born Richard Wayne Penniman on December 5, 1932, in Macon, Georgia, Little Richard helped define the early rock ‘n’ roll era of the 1950s with his driving, flamboyant sound. With his croons, wails and screams, he turned songs like “Tutti-Frutti” and “Long Tall Sally” into huge hits and influenced such bands as the Beatles. -
Beat Generation
a group of American writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they wrote about. Central elements of "Beat" culture include a rejection of mainstream American values, experimentation with drugs and alternate forms of sexuality, and an interest in Eastern spirituality. -
Period: to
1950s
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Korean War (Forgotten War)
The Korean War began in 1950 when the Soviet-backed North Koreans invaded South Korea before meeting a counter-offensive by UN Forces, dominated by the United States. Initially, The United States pushed North Korean forces back until Chinese reinforced and pushed back the American forces back. The war ended in stalemate in 1953. Now, the border separating the two countries are separated at the 38th parallel -
Alger & Ethel Rosenberg
In 1931, Ethel and Julius began to conspire about releasing secrets to the Soviet Union in 1940. Julius received detailed information about the building and maintenance of an atomic bomb which he then turned over to someone and became a game of telephone in which ended up in the hand of the Soviets. Both were convicted and executed. This was the first time that a US citizen suffered this penalty during times of peace. -
Elvis Presley
Rock and Roll that essentially popularized the genre in the 1950s. He was famous from mid 50s to early 70s and fused black rhythm and blues with white bluegrass and country styles; created a new musical idiom known forever after as rockabilly. His "hip thrusting" was an trait that young women found him attractive. He was eventually signed to RCA records for a unheard of 35,000 dollars. His legacy live on today and is known as the "King of Rock and Roll" -
Period: to
Civil Rights
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Brown v.s. Board of Education
the Supreme Court announced its decision in the case. They rejected Plessy v. Ferguson, and ruled that the segregation of public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional, saying that separate facilities were inherently unequal. There was no set timeline however, so it wasn't put into effect everywhere. NAACP lawyers (including Thurgood Marshall) challenged the Separate but Equal doctrine in this court case. -
Polio Vaccine
Polio used to be very common in the United States. It paralyzed and killed thousands of people a year before we had a vaccine. In the early 1950’s there were more than 25,000 cases of polio reported each year. Polio vaccination was begun in 1955. By 1960 the number of reported cases had dropped to about 3,000. Dr. Jonas Salk first to introduce an effective vaccine against Polio. (Distributed free to the public in 1955). Albert Sabin introduced a oral vaccine. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
Jonas Salk was born October 28, 1914, in New York City. In 1942 at the University of Michigan School of Public Health he became part of a group that was working to develop a vaccine against the flu. In 1947 he became head of the Virus Research Lab at the University of Pittsburgh. At Pittsburgh he began research on polio. On April 12, 1955, the vaccine was released for use in the United States. He established the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in 1963. Salk died in 1995. -
Albert Sabin
Albert Sabin was born in Poland in 1906. His family fled to the United States in 1921 to escape Antisemitism. Sabin attended New York University and graduated with a medical degree. He developed an oral vaccine that was usually administered in a sugar cube, it made widespread vaccination easier -
Emmett Till Tragedy
Emmett Till was a 14 year old boy who was visiting Mississippi from Chicago because his mother wanted him to see the effects of Jim Crow. He was murdered in 1955 for whistling at a white woman by her husband and his friends. They kidnapped him and brutally killed him. His mother an open casket to display what happens in the south to African Americans. His death led to the American Civil Rights movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
a protest sparked by Rosa Park's defiant refusal to move to the back of the bus of black Alabamians against segregated seating on city buses. It lasted from December 1, 1955 until December 26, 1956, and became one of the foundation moments of the Civil Rights Movements. It led to the rise of Martin Luther King Jr., and ultimately to a Supreme Court decision opposing segregated busing -
Little Rock Nine
a group of African-American students who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The ensuing Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, and then attended after the intervention of President Eisenhower, is considered to be one of the most important events in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. -
Sputnik
In October 1957, the Soviet Union surprised the world by launching Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth. The resulting outcry in the United States, especially fears that the Soviets were ahead in both space exploration and military missiles, forced the Eisenhower administration to increase defense spending and accelerate America's space program. Approximately the size of a basketball. -
LSD
A powerful hallucinogenic drug manufactured from lysergic acid and also called the name Acid. It is known for it's visual and audio altering effects. LSD also includes the feeling of escapism or also referred to as Ego-death. The drug became a symbol of the 1960s counterculture, eventually joining other hallucinogenic and recreational drugs at rave parties. Timothy Lear y was a figure head and advocate for LSD and the expansion of the mind. -
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
An economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations. his oil cartel doubled their petroleum charges in 1979, helping American inflation rise well above 13%. -
Chicano Rebllion
Mexican-Americans adopt term chicano in militant ethnic nationalism . Students play large role in shaping chicano movement. David Sanchez of East LA forms Brown Berets, modeled black panthers, modeled black panthers
Inspired large political movements . Mexican-American activists even those that gained office realized economic power was out of their hand. Chicano movement found vivid expression in performing and visual arts and literature -
Period: to
1960s
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Television (Nixon, Kennedy Debate)
On November 8, 1960, the first televised debate debuted with Presidential candidates Richard Nixon and John Kennedy. The profound of effect of the television proved to serve in Kennedy's favor as psychologically people preferred better looking people. Due to this, Kennedy would be asked if he would like up which he kindly accepted but Nixon refused. This made his appearance look unprofessional. People who watched the Television say Kennedy won but ones who heard through radio say Nixon won. -
New Frontier
President Kennedy's nickname for his domestic policy agenda. Buoyed by youthful optimism, the program included proposals for the Peace Corps and efforts to improve education and health care. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. -
Hippies
Hippies believed in anti-materialism, free use of drugs, they had a casual attitude toward sex and anti-conformity, (1960s) practiced free love and took drugs, flocked to San Francisco- low rent/interracial, they lived in communal "crash pads", smoked marijuana and took LSD, sexual revolution, new counter culture, Protesters who influenced US involvement in Vietnam. They created a cultural phenomenon called Woodstock,, musical events for rock. -
Peace Corps
a federal agency created by President Kennedy in 1961 to promote voluntary service by Americans in foreign countries, it provides labor power to help developing countries improve their infrastructure, health care, educational systems, and other aspects of their societies. Part of Kennedy's New Frontier vision, the organization represented an effort by postwar liberals to promote American values and influence through productive exchanges across the world. -
Freedom Riders
In 1961, the group was organized of mixed-race groups who rode interstate buses deep into the South to draw attention to and protest racial segregation. This effort by northern young people to challenge racism proved a political and public relations success for the Civil Rights Movement. -
Cesar Chavez
Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for migrant farm workers and unionize them -
Dolores Huerta
She was a Civil Rights Activist that wanted more rights for immigrant workers. She formed the Union Farm Workers of America in 1642 with Cesar Chavez. She directed the national grape boycott which resulted in grape industry to collectively bargaining the rights of workers. -
Femininsm
The ‘’second wave’’ feminist movement proved to be a major social transition for Western countries and the United States from the 1960s and later. Major social change, such as women's participation in the labor force, and increased prosperity forced a major social awareness movement that questioned the roles of gender in society. This was heavily influenced due to the authors that were writing such as Betty Leary who wrote "The Feminine Mystique" -
Birmingham March
Reverend King launched a campaign to end segregation in all public facilities. King and his followers staged non-violent marches and demonstrations. Police chief Bull Connor, responded by ordering the police to attack with fire hoses and police dogs. The Kennedy administration and Americans across the country were shocked by the images they a saw on TV and in national newspapers. As a result, support for the civil rights movement grew. -
March on Washington
Peaceful civil rights demonstration for jobs and freedom for African Americans and to focus attention on JFK‟s civil rights bill; more than 200,000 black and white demonstrators listened as King proclaimed, "I have a dream" and then painted a picture of a nation where all people were equal and that he and his children would be "free at last!" -
Lee Harvey Oswald
Born on October 18, 1939, in New Orleans, Louisiana, Lee Harvey Oswald eventually joined the U.S. Marines and later defected to the Soviet Union for a period of time. He returned to America with a family, and eventually acquired firearms.November 22, 1963, shot the president as he rode in an open car in Dallas; two days later gunned down by self-appointed avenger, Jack Ruby. -
Jack Ruby
Jacob Rubenstein, later known as Jack Ruby, was born in Chicago in 1911, the son of Polish immigrants. Moving to Dallas in the late 1940s, he became a small nightclub and gambling operator. On November 24, 1963, Jack Ruby stunned America when he shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald, the accused assassin of President John Kennedy -
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
In 1963 in Dallas, riding in a parade to drum up support for the upcoming presidential election in 1964, JFK was shot twice by Lee Harvey Oswald and pronounced dead at Parkland hospital. Lee was perched somewhere away from the parade theorized to be in an abandoned building. The assassination resulted in President Johnson to take office. . -
Freedom Summer
SNCC & CORE organize voter registration campaign in Miss. SNCC gets 1000 northern white college students to register voters & teach civics classes to blacks in Miss. Resulted in lots of violence from southern extremists, including bombings, beatings, shootings, & arrests. Campaign is big success: Tens of thousands of black voters registered & attention drawn to civil rights movement. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act outlawed segregation of public accommodations. It also established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to enforce the law, it made the federal government responsible for finding instances of discrimination, and it made illegal discrimination based on race, religion, ethnic origin, or gender. Unfortunately, the act did not effectively address many problems associated with voting rights. -
Daisy Girl Ad
The Ad was a controversial political advertisement aired on television Lyndon B. Johnson campaign commercial; aired only once; The message was Johnson was better than someone else Johnson is peaceful. It featured little girl peeling petals off/Goldwater is destructive and showed a nuclear blast. -
Malcolm X
This man was a disciple of Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam. He openly criticized Dr. King and his followers as "Uncle Toms" who had sold themselves out to whites. While not advocating the use of violence, he did encourage followers to respond to violence, perpetrated against them with violence in self-defense. This man took his requisite Hajj to Mecca and returned a changed man in 1964. Preaching love and understanding, he left the Nation of Islam and was assassinated in 1965. -
Watts Riots
Over 50,000 blacks in L.A. burn and loot, attacking lots of neighborhoods and people, including other minorities. It took 20,000 National Guardsmen to calm the conflict. The effect of the Watts riots was whites started turning away from the militant civil rights movement and militancy grew in the movement. -
Black Panthers
An African American organization established in 1966 to promote Black Power and self-defense through acts of social agitation. They achieved national and international presence through their deep involvement in the local community, often involved with the Black Power Movement. The movement had provocative rhetoric, militant posture, and cultural and political flourishes permanently altered the contours of American Identity. -
American Indian Movement
Red Power Pan Indian Identity .. American Indian Movement, Group of Indian Americans that confronted federal govt for their rights. Major cause of movement was occupation of Alcatraz island Indian activists leave cities to return to rural roots. Longest walk, 5 month protest march that began in SF and ended in Washington D.C. 1960's marked beginning of Indian Renaissance in Literature -
Death of MLK
MLK is killed in 1968 while talking outside on the balcony of the motel he frequented in Memphis, TN. His assassination inflames lots of riots around the country. The civil rights movement collapsed soon after due to feuds within its leading orgs and the loss of their greatest leader. Americans shifted their focus to the Vietnam War. -
Stonewall Riot
In June 1969, police officers raided this Inn, which was a gay nightclub in New York, and began arresting patrons for attending the place. Gay onlookers taunted the police and then attacked them. Someone started a fire in the Inn, almost trapping people inside. This marked the beginning of the gay liberation movement. New organizations also began to rise up, like the Gay Liberation Front, which was founded in New York. -
Apollo 11
Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon. The first steps by humans on another planetary body were taken by Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. The mission was the result of the Space race between the USSR and US. After Sputnik was launched, it was thought the next step in advancement was to send man to the moon. President Kennedy made this a priority. The 2 astronauts were on the moon for 2 hours and 21min. they experiment and brought back 108 kg of moon rocks. -
Anti-War Movement
The U.S. war in Vietnam triggered the most tenacious anti-war movement in U.S. history, beginning with the start of the bombing of North Vietnam in 1964. Over the next decade, hundreds of thousands of young people become radicalized in a largely nonviolent, diverse popular culture of war resistance, employing tactics ranging from comical street theatre to industrial sabotage. People in america increasingly opposed the war as it climaxed in 1968, forcing a gradual withdrawal of U.S. forces. -
Stagflation
During the 60's and 70's, the U.S. was suffering from 5.3% inflation and 6% unemployment. Refers to the unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth. A period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation) -
Period: to
1970s
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
A governmental organization signed into law by Richard Nixon in 1970 designed to regulate pollution, emissions, and other factors that negatively influence the natural environment. The creation of the it marked a newfound commitment by the federal government to actively combat environmental risks and was a significant triumph for the environmentalist movement. -
Equal Rights Amendment
Proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution passed by Congress and submitted to the states for ratification in 1971. Outlawing discrimination based on gender, it was at first seen as a great victory by women's-rights groups. The amendment fell 3 states short of the 38 required for ratification. However, many states have adopted similar amendments to their state constitutions. -
Watergate
Nixon feared loss so he approved the Commission to Re-Elect the President to spy on and espionage the Democrats. A security gaurd foiled an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committe Headquarters, exposing the scandal. Seemingly contained, after the election Nixon was impeached and stepped down -
Title IX
A part of the Education Amendments which prohibited sex discrimination in any educational programs or activities that are funded by the federal government. -
Roe v. Wade
This court case established national abortion guidelines; trimester guidelines; no state interference in 1st trimester; state may regulate to protect health of mother in 2nd trimester; state may regulate to protect health or unborn child in 3rd. inferred from right of privacy established in Griswald v. Connecticut -
War Powers Resolution Act
A resolution of Congress declaring that the president can send troops into action abroad only by authorization of Congress or if U.S. troops are already under attack or seriously threatened. requires presidents to consult with Congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress declares war or grants an extension. -
Jimmy Carter
Elected in 1977, Carter was unable to get his agenda passed by Congress, failed to connect to the American people, and faced numerous crises. He failed to respond to the Energy Crisis, Inflation, the Iranian Hostage Crisis, and the lack of confidence among the American people. He was tossed out of office by Ronald Reagan in 1980. -
Camp David Accord
An historic peace agreement negotiated between Egypt and Israel at the U.S. Presidential retreat at Camp David, Maryland; under the pact Israel agreed to return captured territory to Egypt and to negotiate Palestinian autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The Camp David Accords were signed by Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat to finally end the Israeli-Egyptian disputes. The achievement by Carter is considered his greatest achievement in office. -
Three Mile Island
The site of a 1979 nuclear disaster, the worst in American history. A combination of mechanical failure and human error combined to permit an escape of radiation over a 16 mile radius. While it was ultimately not terrible, it harmed the public perception of nuclear power. -
Robert Johnson
The founder of BET (Black Entertainment Television) and sold the program to Viacom in 2001; help pushed black media into the mainstream. He became one of America’s first black billionaires. -
Rap Music
genre of African-American music of the 1980s and 1990s in which rhyming lyrics are chanted to a musical accompaniment. It was a way of self-expression for inner city African-Americans to talk about gang violence, police brutality and young black youth growing in an hostile area. -
Period: to
1980s
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Lionel Sosa
Founder of largest Hispanic advertising agency in US; Hispanic media consultant for six Republican campaigns. (Sosa, Bromley, Aguilar & Associates, now Bromley Communications) -
Ronald Regan
Former famous actor in the 50s & 60s. President from 1981 to 1989 who was a popular conservative leader who promoted supply-side economics and created huge budget deficits. While president, he developed Reagannomics, the trickle down effect of government incentives. He cut out many welfare and public works programs. He used the Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict. His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War -
Reaganomics
the economic policies of Ronald Reagan; also called supply-side economics. Reagan hoped to promote growth and investment by deregulating business, reducing corporate tax rates, and lowering federal tax rates for upper and middle income Americans -
Iran Hostage Crisis
The 444 days in which American embassy workers were held captive by Iranian revolutionaries after young Muslim overthrew the oppressive regime of the American-backed shah, exiling him. Revolutionaries stormed the American embassy, demanding that the United States return the shah to Iran for trial. The episode was marked by botched diplomacy and failed rescue attempts by the Carter Administration. The crisis ended with the hostage's release the day Ronald Reagan became president -
Sandra Day'O'Connor
Sandra Day O'Connor is a retired Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from her appointment in 1981 by Ronald Reagan until her retirement in 2006. She was the first woman to be appointed to the Court. Considered a federalist and a moderate conservative, O'Connor tended to approach each case narrowly without arguing for sweeping precedents. She most frequently sided with the court's conservative bloc, although she was regarded as having the swing opinion in many cases. -
MTV
Music Television Station that became a cultural happening in the 1980s, which has since been utilized by political groups to reach the youth vote. It started in small market of New Jersey on cable and became a sensation; a generation of kids grew up watching music videos;it help jump start the careers of several famous musicians -
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Reagan's proposed Strategic Defense Initiative (1983), also known as "Star Wars," called for a land- or space-based shield against a nuclear attack. Although SDI was criticized as unfeasible and in violation of the Anti ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, Congress approved billions of dollars for development. -
Iran Contra Affair
President Reagan authorized the off-the-books sale of stolen weapons from the Pentagon to Iran in order to fund the Nicaraguan Contras; Congress had forbidden him to use government funds to support the Contras; helped keep Iraq from winning the Iraq-Iran War (did not want a Middle Eastern superpower); very illegal (Iran was considered a terrorist state) and almost caused Reagan to be impeached. -
Challenger Explosion
The space shuttle Challenger exploded 73 seconds into flight, killing all aboard. The explosion was caused by a faulty seal in the fuel tank. The shuttle program was halted while investigators and officials drew up new safety regulations, but was resumed in 1988 with the flight of the Discovery. -
Oprah Winfrey
great philanthropist; established Harpo Productions 1988; one of TIME 100 Most Influential of 20th Century; She started the 1996 "Oprah Book Club"; In 2003, Forbes listed as first African American female billionaire. -
George H.W. Bush
was the 42st president of the United States, previously being Ronald Reagan's vice-president. His policies and ideals derived heavily from his predecessor and were built on them. He was a well-to-do oil tycoon before devoting himself to the public. He served as a congressman, emissary to China, ambassador to the UN, director of the CIA, and vice president before becoming president. -
Fall of Berlin Wall
As democratic elections were announced in Hungary there was a mass movement of East German citizens through Hungary to West Germany. As a result, the East German government was forced to announce much greater freedom of travel for East German citizens. As part of this decision, the East German government announced that East Germans would be allowed to cross the border with West Berlin. The reunification of Germany finally happens! and symbolized the end of the cold war. -
Period: to
1990S
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Persian Gulf War
After Iraq invaded Kuwait, the US invaded Iraq to liberate Kuwait; Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields on fire so the Americans couldn't gain the oil; this conflict caused the US to set military bases in Saudi Arabia; also called Operation: Desert Storm -
Rodney King Incident
an African-American motorist driver who, in 1991 was stopped and then beaten by Los Angeles Police Department officers (Laurence Powell, Timothy Wind). The city of LA rioted the 4 police officers were acquitted after the beating of Rodney King. -
Al Gore
Served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. Ran for President in 2000 and won popular vote but lost Electoral College. He nominated by the Democrats in 2000 presidential election. Gore had a Clinton paradox—the good was that he could lay claim to the prosperity of the Clinton years, the bad was that aligning too close with Clinton also aligned with his scandals. He was also a well known environmentalist. -
Bill Clinton
Entered off in January 1993, as the first democratic president since Jimmy Carter and a self-proclaimed activist. He had a very domestic agenda. When in office he had a lot of controversial appointments. When a longtime friend, Vince Foster, committed suicide it sparked an escalating inquiry into some banking and real estate ventures involving the president and his wife in the early 1980s. This became known as the Whitewater affair. -
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. by lessening and eliminating tariffs. It was a symbol of the increased reality of a globalized market place. It formed the largest free trade zone in the world; -
Lewinsky Affair
Monica Lewinsky, an intern at the white house, had affair with Clinton who denied it under oath, but there was physical evidence; he was impeached for perjury and his resulting political battles kept him from being productive in his final term paving way for the seemingly moral Bush in 2000 -
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
passed Congress in 1996; defined marriage as between only a man and women; however many states and companies extended benefits to same sex partners and many states legalized same sex marriages -
Balkan Crisis
Bosnian Muslims, Serbs, and Croats were killing each other by 10,000s, Clinton eventually was forced to intervene, US led NATO forces launched a massive aerial bombardment of Serbia. -
Period: to
Contemporary
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Election of 2000
This election was between Albert Gore and George W. Bush. There were many problems with counting votes. Many Democrats and Republicans counted for revote in some states because they were so close. There was a problem in Florida which led there to be a court meeting at the Supreme Court. They ruled Bush the White House but gave him a dark shadow of illegitimacy over his presidency. -
George W Bush
He was the Republican nominee in the election of 2000. He was the eldest son of George H. W. Bush. Many people found him to be reckless and more of a divider rather than a "uniter". He challenged research on global warming, didn't support abortions, limited research on embryonic stem cells, and allowed Vice President Cheney to hammer out his administration's energy policy behind closed doors. -
Hurricane Katrina
Considered to be the one crisis of the Bush administrations second term and in is inefficiency to deal with the crisis. It destroyed 80% of New Orleans and more than 1300 people died, while the damages were $150 billion. -
U.S PATRIOT ACT
this was passed through Congress in 2001 after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. The Act permitted extensive telephone and e-mail surveillance and authorized the detention and deportation of immigrants suspected of terrorism. -
No Child Left Behind Act
A law passed by President George W. Bush meant to try to help students in minority heavy schools succeed. A revision of the The Elementary and Secondary Education Act. NCLB sets high standards and accountability for student achievement to make sure that all children are caught up to 21st century learning. No Child Left Behind spends more money on education than ever before. Schools with low income families are given Title I funds to use toward improvement. -
John McCain
Republican senator from Arizona who lost the 2008 Presidential election to Democrat Barack Obama. A former Navy fighter pilot who spent five years as a prisoner of war in North Vietnam, McCain was known as a maverick senator, frequently departing from his own party to cosponsor moderate legislation with Democratic allies. his most notable legislative achievements were changes in campaign finance and efforts to reform immigration laws. -
Barack Obama
born to white American mother and Kenyon father; grew up in Indonesia and Hawaii; graduated from Harvard Law School; worked as a community activist in Chicago; served in US Senate 3 yrs before running for President; first black President; ran on campaign of hope and change; expanded TARP to bail out auto companies; passed comprehensive health care bill without one Republican voting for it; -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
combat recession; It was based on the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes that called for increased government spending to offset decreased private spending in times of economic downturn. The Act was controversial from the outset, passing with no Republican votes in the House, and only three in the Senate, and helping to foster the "Tea Party" movement to curb government deficits,critics on the Left argued that the Act's $787 billion appropriation was not enough to turn the economy around. -
Affordable Care Act (Obama Care)
Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act amendment, it represents the most significant regulatory overhaul of the U.S. healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. It was enacted to increase the quality and affordability of health insurance, lower the uninsured rate by expanding public and private insurance coverage, and reduce the costs of healthcare for individuals and the government
