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(Civil Rights) Hector P. Garcia
García opened a medical practice in Corpus Christi, where he witnessed the struggles of veterans and migrant workers. His work inspired a lifetime commitment to social reform. García offered low- and no-cost treatment to impoverished patients. García founded the American GI Forum, organizing veterans to fight for educational and medical benefits, and later, against poll taxes and school segregation. García sought the inclusion of Mexican Americans into mainstream America. -
(Civil Rights) Cesar Chavez
His early experience as a migrant worker, Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. His union joined with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee in its first strike against grape growers in California, and the two organizations later merged to become the United Farm Workers. Stressing nonviolent methods, Chavez drew attention for his causes via boycotts, marches and hunger strikes. -
(Civil Rights) Dolores Huetra
Dolores Huerta started the Agricultural Workers Association She set up voter registration drives and lobbied politicians to allow non U.S. citizen migrant workers to receive public assistance and pensions and provide Spanish-language voting ballots and driver's tests Dolores met Cesar Chavez who had become its director of the CSO. The AWA and the NFWA combined to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee The union took on the Coachella Valley grape growers Huerta negotiated contracts -
(Cold War) 2nd Red Scare
the fear of communism in American politics, culture, and society from the late 1940s through the 1950s, during the opening phases of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. McCarthyism after Senator Joseph McCarthy, who made famous in 1950 by claiming that large numbers of Communists had infiltrated the U.S. State Department, the second Red Scare predated and outlasted McCarthy, and it far exceeded the reach of a single politician. -
(Cold War) Trinity Test
World War II broke out in Europe, America’s scientific community was trying to catch up to German advances in the development of atomic power. In the early 1940s, the U.S. government authorized a top-secret program of nuclear testing and development, codenamed “The Manhattan Project.” In July 1945, Los Alamos scientists successfully exploded the first atomic bomb at the Trinity test site, located in nearby Alamogordo. -
(1950s) G.I. Bill
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, the G.I. Bill was created to help veterans of World War II. It made hospitals, low-interest mortgages available and granted stipends covering tuition and expenses for veterans attending college or trade schools. From 1944 to 1949, nearly 9 million veterans received close to $4 billion from the bill’s unemployment compensation program. -
(Cold War) Iron Curtain
former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill condemns the Soviet Union’s policies in Europe and declares, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” he warned against the expansion of the Soviet Union. In addition to the “iron curtain” that had descended across Eastern Europe, Churchill spoke of “communist fifth columns that were operating throughout western and southern Europe -
(Cold War) Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Program, channeled over $13 billion to finance the economic recovery of Europe between 1948 and 1951. The Marshall Plan successfully sparked economic recovery, meeting its objective of ‘restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole.’ The plan is named for Secretary of State George C Marshall, who announced it in a commencement speech at Harvard University -
(Cold War) Truman Doctrine
President Harry S. Truman asks for U.S. assistance for Greece and Turkey to stall communism. Truman’s address, known as the Truman Doctrine, was the official declaration of the Cold War. Truman believed that both nations were threatened by communism and jumped at the chance to take a tough stance against the Soviet Union.In Turkey, the Soviets were demanding control over the Dardanelles, territory which Turkey was able to own the strategic waterway from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean -
(Vietnam War) Domino Theory
The domino theory was a Cold War policy that a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states, each falling like a perfectly aligned row of dominos. In Southeast Asia, the U.S. government used the domino theory to justify its involvement in the Vietnam War and its support for a non-communist dictator in South Vietnam. With the exception of Laos and Cambodia, communism failed to spread throughout Southeast Asia. -
Period: to
Cold War
the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted the second half of the 20th century resulted in mutual suspicions, heightened tensions and a series of international incidents that brought the world’s superpowers to the brink of disaster. -
(Cold War) Berlin Airlift
Berlin, the German capital city, was located deep in the Soviet zone, but it was also divided into four sections. Russians wanted Berlin closed all highways, railroads and canals from western Germany into western Berlin. it would make it impossible for the people who lived there to get food or any other supplies and would eventually drive Britain, France and the U.S. out of the city for good. however, the U.S. and its allies decided to supply their sectors of the city from the air. -
(1950s) Fair Deal
Truman announced his plans for domestic reforms including national health insurance, public housing, civil rights legislation and federal aid to education. He wanted an increase in the minimum wage, federal aid to farmers and an extension of Social Security, as well as urging the immediate implementation of anti-discrimination policies in employment It almost doubled the minimum wage from 40 cents to 75 cents an hour and established the Housing Act which provided 800k new houses for the poor -
(Cold War) Korean War
38th parrallel the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south. This invasion was the first military action of the Cold War. By July, American troops had entered the war on South Korea’s behalf. As far as American officials were concerned, it was a war against the forces of international communism itself. -
(1950s) Beat Generation
Jack Kerouac inspired each other to turn away from materialism to lead lives of adventure in search of meaning, and proposed that others follow their lead. In reality, the movement was very much an experiment with controlled substances, characterized by rampant drug and alcohol abuse and a fascination with the criminal world, especially drug dealers. -
(Cold War) Space Race
Beginning late in 1950s space would become a dramatic arena for cold war competition as each side sought to prove the superiority of its technology its military firepower and by extension its political-economic system The worlds first satellite sputnik was launched by the soviets In 1950 the U.S. launched its own satellite Explorer I President Dwight Eisenhower signed a public order creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) a federal agency dedicated to space exploration -
Period: to
1950s
The United States was the world’s strongest military power. Its economy was booming, and the fruits of this prosperity new cars, suburban houses and other consumer goods–were available to more people than ever before. the 1950s were also an era of great conflict. For example, the civil rights movement and the witch hunt for communism in and out of america exposed the divisions in American society. -
Period: to
Civil Rights
The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for African Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the United States. By the mid-20th century, African Americans had had more than enough of prejudice and violence against them. They, along with many whites, mobilized and began an impressive fight for equality that spanned two decades. -
(Cold War) Duck and Cover
Federal Civil Defense Administration was made in 1951 to educate the country on ways to survive an atomic attack from the Soviet Union.Teachers would do nuke drills they would yell Drop and students would kneel down under their desks with their hands around their heads and necks. not much was known about the effects of radiation sickness and radioactive fallout away from Ground Zero of a nuclear blast. Duck and Cover was completed in January 1952, and would save some lives if a nuke hit. -
(Cold War) Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a long, costly and dividing conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam and its ally, the United States. The conflict was intensified by the ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. More than 3 million people were killed in the Vietnam War, and more than half of the dead were Vietnamese civilians. -
(1950s) Polio Vaccine
In 1954, clinical trials using the Salk vaccine and a placebo began on nearly two million American schoolchildren. In April 1955, it was announced that the vaccine was effective and safe, and a nationwide inoculation campaign began. New polio cases dropped to under 6,000 in 1957, the first year after the vaccine was widely available.In 1962, an oral vaccine developed by Polish-American researcher Albert Sabin became available, increasing distribution of the polio vaccine. -
(Civil Rights) Brown vs.The Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not equal at all. -
(1990s) Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey was born in the rural town of Kosciusko, Mississippi, on January 29, 1954. In 1976, Winfrey moved to Baltimore, where she hosted a hit television chat show, People Are Talking. later she was recruited by a Chicago TV station to host her own morning show. She later became the host of her own, wildly popular program, The Oprah Winfrey Show, which aired for 25 seasons, from 1986 to 2011. That same year, Winfrey launched her own TV network, the Oprah Winfrey Network -
(Civil Rights) Emmett Till
14-year-old Emmett Till, an African American from Chicago, is brutally murdered for allegedly flirting with a white woman four days earlier. a white woman her husband and her brother made Emmett carry a 75-pound cotton-gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River and ordered him to take off his clothes. The two men then beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head and then threw his body, tied to the cotton-gin fan with barbed wire, into the river. -
(Civil Rights) Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil-rights protest where African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. Four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested and fined for refusing to give her bus seat to a white man. The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system, and one of the leaders of the boycott, a young pastor named Martin Luther King Jr., became civil rights leader -
(Cold War) Interstate Highway System
On June 29, 1956, President Dwight Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. The bill created a 41,000-mile National System of Interstate and Defense Highways that would, eliminate unsafe roads, inefficient routes, traffic jams and all of the other things that got in the way of speedy travel. For all of these reasons, the 1956 law declared that the construction of an elaborate expressway system was “essential to the national interest.” -
(Civil Rights) Civil Rights act of 1957
The 1957 Civil Rights Bill aimed to ensure that all African Americans could exercise their right to vote. It wanted a new division within the federal Justice Department to monitor civil rights abuses and a joint report to be done by representatives of both major political parties on the issue of race relations. introduced in Eisenhower’s presidency and was the act that kick-started the civil rights legislative program that was to include the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act. -
(Civil Rights) Little Rock 9
The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine black students who enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Their attendance at the school was a test of Brown v. Board of Education. Governor Orval Faubus called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students’ entry into the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school. -
(Cuban Missile Crisis) Bay of Pigs
January 1, 1959 Cuban nationalist named Fidel Castro drove his guerilla army into Havana and overthrew General Fulgencio Batista. Finally, in April 1961, the CIA launched what its leaders believed would be the definitive strike: a full-scale invasion of Cuba by 1,400 American-trained Cubans who had fled their homes when Castro took over. However, the invasion did not go well: The invaders were badly outnumbered by Castro’s troops, and they surrendered after less than 24 hours of fighting. -
(Civil Rights) Sit Ins
The Greensboro sit-in was a civil rights protest that started in 1960, when young African-American students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, and refused to leave after being denied service. Many of the protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct or disturbing the peace, they made an immediate and lasting wound, forcing Woolworth’s and other establishments to change their segregationist policies. -
(Civil Rights) Chicano Mural Movement
The Chicano mural movement began in the 1960s in Mexican-American barrios throughout the Southwest. Artists used the walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to depict Mexican-American culture. Mural production became part of the effort of Hispanics to reinvigorate their cultural heritage, this manifested into Raza Unida Party, the United Farm Workers Union, and the Mexican American Youth Organization, all of which tried to affirm cultural identity and challenge racism. -
(Civil Rights) Black Power Movement
The Black Power Movement of the 1960s and 1970s was a political and social movement whose advocates believed in racial pride, self-sufficiency, and equality for all people of Black and African descent. many of them no longer saw nonviolent protests as a viable means of combatting racism. the Black Panther Party, the Black Women’s United Front, and the Nation of Islam, developed new cultural, political, and economic programs and grew memberships that reflected this shift. -
Period: to
1960s
At the beginning of the 1960s, many Americans believed they were standing at the dawn of a golden age. On January 20, 1961, the John F. Kennedy became president of the United States. Civil Rights just started and the new deal came into play. by the end of the 1960s it seemed that the nation was falling apart with the Vietnam war, Assassination of Martin Luther king jr., and Urban Riots -
(Cold War) Berlin Wall
On August 13, 1961, the Communist government of the German Democratic Republic GDR, or East Germany began to build a barbed wire and concrete antifascist bulwark, between East and West Berlin. The official purpose of this Berlin Wall was to keep Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and undermining the socialist state, but it primarily served the objective of stemming mass defections from East to West -
(Vietnam War) Agent Orange and Napalm
Agent Orange was a powerful herbicide used by U.S. military forces during the Vietnam War to eliminate forest cover and crops for North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops. The U.S. program, codenamed Operation Ranch Hand, sprayed more than 20 million gallons of various herbicides over Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos from 1961 to 1971. It was later proven to cause serious health issues—including cancer, birth defects, rashes and severe psychological and neurological problems. -
(1960s) Peace Corps
President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order establishing the Peace Corps as a new agency within the Department of State. The same day, he sent a letter to Congress asking for permanent funding for the agency, which would send trained American men and women to other nations to assist in development efforts. The Peace Corps captured the imagination of the U.S. public, and the week after its creation thousands of letters poured into Washington from young Americans hoping to volunteer. -
(Cold War) Cuban Missiles Crisis
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, U.S. and the Soviet leaders engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over nuclear-armed Soviet missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores. President John Kennedy (1917-63) notified Americans about the presence of the missiles, explained his decision to enact a naval blockade around Cuba and made it clear the U.S. was prepared to use military force if necessary to neutralize this perceived threat to national security. -
(1960s) John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, is assassinated while traveling through Dallas, Texas, in an open-top convertible.First lady Jacqueline Kennedy,Texas Governor John Connally and his wife, were on a 10-mile parade through the streets of downtown Dallas on November 22. As their vehicle passed the Texas School Book Depository Building at 12:30 p.m., Lee Harvey Oswald fired three shots fatally wounding President Kennedy and seriously injuring Governor Connally. -
(Civil Rights) Birmingham March
The Birmingham Campaign. the beginning of a series of lunch counter sit ins, marches on City Hall and boycotts on downtown stores to protest segregation laws in the city.
Over the next couple months, the peaceful protests were met with violent attacks with high-pressure fire hoses and police dogs on men, women and children alike producing some of the most iconic and troubling images of the Civil Rights Movement. one of the major turning points in the Civil Rights Movement -
(Civil RIghts) Birmingham Bombing
a bomb made of dynamite ripped apart the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, just before the start of its inaugural Youth Day service. Four young black girls died in the blast, their bodies so mangled that the pastor originally mistook them for old women. Birmingham became the center of the civil rights movement in spring 1963, when Martin Luther King Jr. and his supporters in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference arrived with a plan they called “Project C” -
(1960s) Ascendancy of Lyndon B. Johnson
Goldwater lost to Democratic opponent Lyndon B. Johnson in a landslide. Johnson branded Goldwater as a radical whose election would jeopardize the stability of a country already in the Vietnam War. The campaign against Goldwater produced the "Daisy ad," one of the most famous political advertisements in American history, which presented nuclear war as a clear consequence of voting Republican in 1964. -
(Civil Rights) Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer, was a 1964 voter registration drive by civil rights organizations including the Congress on Racial Equality and the Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee. they tried increasing black voter registration in Mississippi, the Freedom Summer workers included black Mississippians and more than 1,000 out of state,mostly white volunteers. The Ku Klux Klan, police and state and local authorities carried out a series of violent attacks against the activists. -
(Civil Rights) Civil Right Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. First proposed by President John F. Kennedy, it survived strong opposition from southern members of Congress and was then signed into law by Kennedy’s successor, Lyndon B. Johnson. In subsequent years, Congress expanded the act and passed additional civil rights legislation such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965. T -
(Vietnam War) The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorized President Lyndon Johnson to “take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression." It was passed on August 7, 1964, by the U.S. Congress after an alleged attack on two U.S. naval destroyers stationed off the coast of Vietnam. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution launched America’s full-scale involvement in the Vietnam War. -
(Civil Rights) Civil Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, passed by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Voting Rights Act is considered one of the most far-reaching pieces of civil rights legislation in U.S. history. -
(Civil Rights) Selma March
In the name of African-American voting rights, 3,200 civil rights demonstrators in Alabama, led by Martin Luther King Jr., begin a historic march from Selma to Montgomery, the state’s capital. Federalized Alabama National Guardsmen and FBI agents were on hand to provide safe passage for the march, which twice had been turned back by Alabama state police at Selma’s Edmund Pettus Bridge. -
(Civil Rights) Malcolm X
Malcolm X, theactivist and outspoken public voice of the Black Muslim faith, challenged the mainstream civil rights movement and the nonviolent pursuit of integration championed by Martin Luther King Jr.He urged followers to defend themselves against white aggression. Malcolm became a leader of the Nation of Islam, which combined Islam with black nationalism and encouraged and supported disadvantaged young blacks searching for confidence in segregated America. -
(Vietnam War) Ho Chi Minh Trail
The Ho Chi Minh Trail was a military supply route running from North Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia to South Vietnam. The route sent weapons, manpower, ammunition and other supplies from communist-led North Vietnam to their supporters in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. The trail was named after Ho Chi Minh, the president of North Vietnam. During the 1960s, the Ho Chi Minh Trail moved several tons of supplies each day through rugged mountain ranges and dense jungle. -
(Civil Rights) Watts Riots
The Watts Riots, also known as the Watts Rebellion, was a series of riots that broke out August 11, 1965, in theCi black neighborhood of Watts in Los Angeles. The Watts Riots lasted for six days, resulting in 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries and 4,000 arrests, involving 34,000 people and ending in the destruction of 1,000 buildings, totaling $40 million in damages. -
(Civil Rights) Black Pantehrs
The Black Panthers were a political organization founded in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to stop police brutality against the African American community Dressed in black berets and black leather jackets the Black Panthers organized armed citizen patrols of Oakland and other U.S. cities The Black Panther Party had roughly 2K members. The organization later declined as a result of internal tensions deadly shootouts and FBI counterintelligence activities aimed at weakening the organization -
(Vietnam War) Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was a coordinated attack of North Vietnamese on more than 100 cities and outposts in South Vietnam. The attack was an attempt to stop rebellion among the South Vietnamese population and encourage the United States to scale back its involvement in the Vietnam War. news coverage of the massive offensive shocked the American public and eroded support for the war effort. North Vietnam achieved a strategic victory with the Tet Offensive and was turning point for the war. -
(Vietnam War) My Lai Massacre
A company of American soldiers brutally killed most of the people women children and old men in the village of My Lai on March 16, 1968 More than 500 people were slaughtered including young girls and women who were raped and mutilated before being killed U.S.Army officers covered up the carnage for a year before it was reported in the American press The brutality of the My Lai killings and the official cover-up fueled anti-war sentiment and further divided the United States over the Vietnam War -
(Civil Rights) Death of Martin Luther King JR.
Assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Junior a Baptist minister had led the civil rights movement since the mid-1950s, using speeches and nonviolent protests to fight segregation and gain significant civil-rights advances for African Americans. His assassination led to anger among black Americans, as well as a time of national mourning that helped an equal housing bill that would be the last important legislative achievement of the civil rights era. -
(1970) Warren Burger Supreme Court
President Richard Nixon named Warren Burger chief justice of the Supreme Court He didn't fulfill Nixon's will to reverse Warren Court decisions Burger court upheld the 1966 Miranda decision and Burger voted with the majority in the court's landmark 1973 decision Roe v. Wade establishing women constitutional right to have abortions awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1988 Burger focused on administrative functions of his office and worked to improve the efficiency of the judicial system. -
(Civil Rights) Stonewall Riot
New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay club located in Greenwich Village in New York City. This sparked a riot bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby Christopher Park. The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world. -
(Race to the Moon) Apollo 11
On July 20, 1969, American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin became the first humans ever to land on the moon. Six-and-a-half hours later, Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. The Apollo 11 mission occurred eight years after President John Kennedy announced a national goal of landing a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s. Apollo 17, the final manned moon mission, took place in 1972. -
Period: to
1970s
.Women, African Americans, Native Americans, gays and lesbians and other minorities continued their fight for equality, and many Americans joined the protest against the war in Vietnam. A New Right in defense of political conservatism and traditional family roles, and President Richard Nixon undermined many people’s faith in the good intentions of the federal government. -
(1970) Equal Rights Ammendment
States that the rights guaranteed by the Constitution apply equally to all persons regardless of their sex. After the 19th Amendment affirming women’s right to vote was ratified in 1920, suffragist leader Alice Paul introduced the ERA in 1923 as the next step in bringing "equal justice under law" to all citizens. In 1972, the ERA was finally passed by Congress and sent to the states for ratification. -
(1970) Watergate Scandal
burglars were arrested in the office of the Democratic National Committee, located in the Watergate complex of buildings in Washington, D.C. The burglars were connected to President Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign, and they had been caught wiretapping phones and stealing documents. Nixon was aggressive to cover up the crime afterwards, and in August 1974, after his role in the conspiracy was revealed, Nixon resigned. -
(Vietnam War) War Powers Resolution Act
The War Powers Act was designed to limit the U.S. president’s ability to initiate or escalate military actions abroad. Among other restrictions, the law requires that presidents notify Congress after deploying the armed forces and limits how long units can remain engaged without congressional approval. Passed in 1973 with the goal of avoiding another Vietnam War, its effectiveness has been questioned throughout its history, and several presidents have been accused of failing to comply. -
(1970) Gerald Ford
America’s 38th president, Gerald Ford took office on August 9, 1974, following the resignation of President Richard Nixon, who left the White House after the Watergate scandal. Ford became the first unelected president in history. Republican congressman from Michigan, Ford was appointed vice president less than a year earlier by President Nixon. He is credited with helping to restore public confidence in government after the disillusionment of the Watergate era. -
(1970) Jimmy Carter
Jimmy Carter struggled to respond to formidable challenges including a major energy crisis as well as high inflation and unemployment In the foreign affairs arena he reopened U.S. relations with China and made headway with efforts to broker peace in the historic Arab Israeli conflict but was hurt late in his term by a hostage crisis in Iran Carter diagnosis of the nation’s “crisis of confidence” did little to help his popularity and in 1980 he was beaten in the general election by Ronald Reagan -
(1980s) Robert Johnson
A singer and guitarist, Johnson is considered to be one of the greatest blues performers of all time. During his career, Johnson traveled around, playing wherever. Johnson's work is based on the 29 songs that he wrote and recorded in Dallas and San Antonio from 1936 to 1937. These include "I Believe I'll Dust My Broom" and "Sweet Home Chicago," which has become a blues standard. His songs have been recorded by Muddy Waters, Elmore James, the Rolling Stones and Eric Clapton -
(1980) AIDS Crisis
In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a report about five healthy homosexual men becoming infected with Pneumocystis pneumonia, caused by the normally harmless fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. This type of pneumonia, the CDC said, almost never affects people with good immune systems. The following year, The New York Times published an article about the new immune system disorder, which affected 335 people, killing 136 of them. -
(1990s) BET
The network first aired on January 25, 1980. founded by, Robert L. Johnson. Johnson recognized the death of television programming designed for the African American public and created BET to reach that demographic audience. BET premiered in 1980 modestly as a channel that ran two hours of weekly programming in select east coast cities. By the end of the year it expanded to the Caribbean and expanded programming to 24 hours of news and entertainment. -
Period: to
1980s
Many Americans embraced a new conservatism in social, economic and political life during the 1980s, characterized by the policies of President Ronald Reagan. Often remembered for its materialism and consumerism, the decade also saw the rise of the yuppie, an explosion of blockbuster movies and the emergence of cable networks like MTV, which introduced the music video and launched the careers of artists. -
(1980s) Reagan Presiency
a former actor and California governor, served as the 40th U.S. president from 1981 to 1989. He became a Hollywood actor in his 20s and later served as the Republican governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Reagan became a popular two-term president. He cut taxes, increased defense spending, negotiated a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets and helped to bring a quicker end to the Cold War. -
(1980s) MTV
In MTV’s early days, its programming consisted of basic music videos that were introduced by VJs (video jockeys) and provided for free by record companies. As the record industry recognized MTV’s value as a promotional vehicle, money was invested in making creative, cutting-edge videos. By the late 1980s, MTV started airing non-video shows geared toward teenagers and young adults. Its popular reality series The Real World launched in 1992 andThe Osbournes. -
(1980s) Sandra Day O'Connor
Sandra Day O’Connor was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006, and was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court. A moderate conservative, she was known for her dispassionate and meticulously researched opinions. For 24 years, Sandra Day O’Connor was a pioneering force on the Supreme Court and was a sturdy guiding hand in the court’s decisions during those years and serving a swing vote in many important cases. -
(1990s) Persian Gulf War
Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990. Hussein defied United Nations Security Council demands to withdraw from Kuwait by mid-January 1991, and the Persian Gulf War began with a massive U.S.-led air offensive Operation Desert Storm. After a 42 days attack by the allied coalition in the air and on the ground, U.S. President George H.W. Bush declared a cease-fire on February 28. -
(1990s) Lewinsky Scandal
The Monica Lewinsky scandal began in the late 1990s, when America learned a political sex scandal involving President Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky, a White House intern in her early 20s. In 1995, they began a sexual relationship that continued until 1997. Lewinsky was transferred to a job at the Pentagon, she told Linda Tripp about her affair with the president. The House of Representatives impeached the president for perjury and obstruction of justice, but he was acquitted by the Senate. -
Period: to
1990s
The 1990s began with the fall of the Soviet empire and was followed by a flood of good feelings. The american economy was booming the household income increased, job opportunities increased as well as american technology and politics. -
(1990s) Rodney King Inccident
The Los Angeles riots sprung from years of tensions between the LAPD and the city’s African Americans, highlighted by the 1991 videotaped beating of motorist Rodney King. On April 29, 1992, anger boiled over after four LAPD officers were found not guilty of assaulting King, leading to days of violence, looting and arson throughout L.A. By May 3, National Guardsmen and federal troops had largely curbed the uprising, which left more than 60 people dead and produced about $1 billion in damag -
(1990s) Bill Clinton Presidency
Bill Clinton, the 42nd U.S. president, served in office from 1993 to 2001. During Clinton’s time in the White House, America was in an era of peace and prosperity, low unemployment, declining crime rates and a budget surplus. In 1998, the House of Representatives impeached Clinton on charges related to a sexual relationship he had with a White House intern. -
(1990s) 1993 World Trade Center Attack
On February 26, 1993, terrorists drove a rental van into a parking garage under the World Trade Center’s twin towers and lit the fuses on a homemade bomb stuffed inside. Six people died and more than 1,000 were injured in the massive explosion, which carved out a crater several stories deep and propelled smoke into the upper reaches of the skyscrapers. At the time, it was one of the worst terrorist attacks ever to occur on U.S. soil. -
(1990s) NAFTA
he North American Free Trade Agreement is signed into law by President Bill Clinton. NAFTA, a trade pact between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, eliminated virtually all tariffs and trade restrictions between the three nations. The passage of NAFTA was one of Clinton’s first major victories as the first Democratic president in 12 years–though the movement for free trade in North America had begun as a Republican initiative -
(1990s) DOMA
The Defense of Marriage Act is a federal law passed by bill Clinton on September 21, 1996. The law allows for the state to decide to recognize same sex marriage. -
(2000) Bush Vs. Gore
In his 2000 presidential campaign, Gore won the Democratic presidential nomination after facing down an early challenge from former Senator Bill Bradley. Gore chose Senator Joseph Lieberman of Connecticut as his running mate, the first Orthodox Jew ever to be named on the ticket for a major national party. Gore won the popular vote, but conceded defeat to Republican George W. Bush after five weeks of complex legal argument over the voting procedure in the presidential election. -
(2000) 2000 Election
The 2000 presidential election pitted Republican George Bush, governor of Texas and son of former US president George Bush, against Democrat Al Gore, former senator from Tennessee and vice president in the administration of Bill Clinton. In their presidential campaigns, both candidates focused primarily on domestic issues, such as economic growth, the federal budget surplus, health care, tax relief, and reform of social insurance and welfare programs, particularly Social Security and Medicare. -
(2000s) Great Recesion
The Great Recession was a global economic downturn that devastated world economies as well as the banking and real estate industries. The crisis led to increases in home mortgage foreclosures worldwide and caused millions of people to lose their life savings, their jobs and their homes. Although its effects were global, the Great Recession was most pronounced in the United States—where it originated as a result of the subprime mortgage crisis—and in Western Europe. -
Period: to
Contempoary
In the 21st century the world see an explosion in its ability to communicate and travel long distances. America see its first African american president and its most T.M.I president. Americans are attacked by a radical group and then go to war with said. This is also the longest time the world has been in any state peace but not for long. -
(2000) George Bush Presidency
George W. Bush, America’s 43rd president, served in office from 2001 to 2009. In 2000, he won the presidency after narrowly defeating Democratic challenger Al Gore. Bush’s time in office was shaped by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks against America. In response to the attacks, he declared a global “war on terrorism,” established the Department of Homeland Security and authorized U.S.-led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. -
(2000) USA Patriot Act
The USA PATRIOT Act Bush hoped it would empower law enforcement and intelligence agencies to prevent future terrorist attacks on American soil. Law enforcement officials were given broader mandates to fight financial counterfeiting, smuggling and money laundering schemes that funded terrorists. The Patriot Act’s expanded definition of terrorism also gave the FBI increased powers to access personal information such as medical and financial records. The Patriot Act superseded all state laws. -
(2000) No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act authorizes several federal education programs that are administered by the states. states are required to test students in reading and math in grades 3–8 and once in high school. All students are expected to meet or exceed state standards in reading and math by 2014.The major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. -
(2000s) Hurricane Katrina
Early in the morning on August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States. When the storm hit, it had a Category 3 rating on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale it brought sustained winds of 100 140 miles per hour and stretched some 400 miles across. The storm itself did a great deal of damage, but its aftermath was catastrophic. Hundreds of thousands of people in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama were misplaced from their homes. -
(2000s) Barack Obama
On November 4, 2008, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois was elected president of the United States over Senator John McCain of Arizona. Obama became the 44th president, and the first African American to be elected to that office. He was elected to a second term over former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney. -
(2000s) American Recovery and Reinvestment
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 established a framework for reporting on the use of funding that was awarded as part of the Federal stimulus package.The law created the Recovery.gov, which gave the public the ability to track the spending of Federal stimulus funding. Another website, FederalReporting.gov, was set up so that Federal award people who submit spending reports. -
(2000s) Obama Care
The history of the Affordable Care Act – The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed into law by President Obama on March 23, 2010. The Act will extend insurance to more than 30 million uninsured people, primarily by expanding Medicaid and providing federal subsidies to help lower- and middle-income Americans buy private coverage. Democratic presidents had unsuccessfully pursued the creation of a nationwide insurance system for 75 years.
