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Paul Gauguin
A French Primitivism artist who was not appreciated until after his death. He is now recognized for his use of experimental colors and his distinct anti-impressionist art. (he also married multiple 13 and 14-year-olds) -
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Mahler
Mahler composed Maximalistic pieces that made important expansions to symphonies and Lieder. A Viennese composer who was considered to be the heir to Mozart and Beethoven. He also Utilized aspects of music from non-Western cultures. -
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Debussy
Debussy was the most important French composer of the early 20th century and was credited with composing the first modern orchestral work. -
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Strauss
A German Maximalist composer who supported Wagner's use of chromaticism and expanded on it. Strauss made a name out of himself with the creation of tone poems and operas. -
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Schoenberg
Schoenberg was an Austrian-American Expressionist composer and theorist. He is considered one of the most widely known and influential composers of the 20th century. -
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Ravel
Ravel was a French Impressionist composer and was credited with writing the first Impressionist piano piece. -
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Stravinsky
Stravinsky composed in many different musical styles. For example, the Russian Period, the French Period, the Neoclassical Period, and even the Serialist [US] Period. -
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Impressionism (1890s-1920s)
One of the first anti-Romantic styles. Impressionism disregarded chord progression rules by creating music that was 'essentially tonal'. -
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Maximalism (1890s-1914)
The end of the Romantic era when 19th-century music met its extremes. Maximalism uses extreme chromaticism, extreme sizes of performance groups, thick textures, and extreme use of theme and motives. -
Prelude to 'The Afternoon of a Faun'
A tone poem based on the symbolist Stephane Mallarme's poem. The Orchestral work contained many impressionistic pieces with poetic titles, anti-germanic music, and a vague tempo, key and meter. -
Fin de siecle
Composers began to act against the romantic style and its aesthetic by creating many new Post-Romantic styles as 1900 approached. -
Primitivism
A cultural attitude that has informed diverse aspects of modern art. Specifically catering to non-Western art, it alludes to specific stylistic elements of tribal objects. -
Expressionism
Expressionism focused completely on freeing music from tonality, therefore there were no longer any chord progression rules and pieces were completely atonal. Expressionism was based on a 12 tone method created by Arnold Schoenberg -
The Rite of Spring
A ballet composed by Igor Stravinsky, choreographed by Vaslar Nijinksy, and with costumes inspired by Picasso. A very controversial ballet that received great reviews as well as terrible reviews. The ballet showed scenes of pagan rituals, provocatively close women, and awkward or 'ugly' dancing. -
Jazz
The creation of jazz began around 1917 and composers absorbed musical traits from this style of music and incorporated it into their own. -
12-tone method
This method was created in 1921 by Arnold Schoenberg, an Austrian-American composer. The 12-tone method was used predominantly in Expressionistic music.