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Mahler
Mahler made important expansions to symphonies and Lieder. He also utilized aspects of the music of non-Western cultures. -
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Debussy
The most important French composer of the early 20th century composed the first modern orchestral work that was credited. -
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Delius
English composer of German descent, and used impressionism -
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Strauss
Strauss is German and supported Wagner’s use of chromaticism and expanded on this trait. He's also famous for tone poems and operas. -
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Albeniz
Spanish composer and pianist -
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Joplin
Popularized ragtime, and was considered "king of Ragtime." -
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Schoenberg
Schoenberg is an Austrian composer, theorist, and painter, spent a good deal of time in Vienna. Schoenberg went atonal and admired Brahms. He also created “melodies” in atonality called “tone rows.” -
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Ives
Ives innovated Atonality, and worked virtually in isolation. -
The Invention of the Microphone
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Ravel
Ravel was a French Impressionist composer that was credited with writing the first Impressionist piano piece. -
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Respighi
Italian composer who used impressionism and did stage works, concertos, tone poems, and piano works. -
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Webern
Student of Schoenberg, known for his musical brevity and clarity of texture. He uses pointillism and wrote no operas. -
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Berg
Student of Schoenberg and had expressive language and was often atonal. -
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Durey
Durey instigated the first Les Six album and wrote songs for the French Resistance during WWII. He also wrote with Vietnamese themes in the 1960s as a protest to the war -
Ragtime
March-like music played with syncopations that created an uneven feeling in the "march." -
Motet
Choral Motets in 19th century were briefly revived through the Cecilian movement. -
Nocturne
Certain instrumental works, typically for piano in the 19th Century were called Nocturnes. -
Opera
The different types of Opera were German romantic opera, Italian opera seria, Italian comic opera, Grand opera, Opera comique, Opera bouffe, French lyric opera, Italian tragic opera, and Opera semiseria. -
Melody
Melody was an important part of Impressionism, but melodies were not required to follow traditional expectations. It could be randomly placed and be out of context. -
Harmonies
Harmonies could not be analyzed and textures were often indeterminable. -
Blues
One of the characteristic traits of a blue song is a slight lowering of the third, seventh, and sometimes the fifth scale degree. -
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Maximalism
Includes extreme chromaticism, extreme sizes of performance groups, extreme use of themes and motives (motivic complexity), and thick textures. The Maximalist style is reflected in the works by Mahler, R. Strauss, and Prokofiev. -
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Impressionism
Includes French Paining Style with emphasis on color and light. Impressionism is one of the first anti-Romantic styles and disregarded chord progression rules, essentially tonal and does not follow the “rules.” Some of the composers were Debussy, Delius, Respighi, and Ravel. -
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Favored Instruments
Harps and Flutes were often paired together, new tone colors in orchestra were created. -
The Opening of Carnegie Hall
Carnegie Hall is located near Midtown Manhattan in New York City, and is a concert venue that is very well known today! , Carnegie Hall has set the international standard for musical excellence and is the aspirational destination for the world’s finest artists. -
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Honegger
Arthur Honegger is a Swiss composer, and appreciated the “architecture of music.” Majority of his works were on commission, and he had a huge compositional output in all mediums. He was also a member of Les Six. -
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Milhaud
Darius Milhaud was born southern coast of France, and studied Debussy, but immediately rejected Impressionism. Milhaud traveled to Brazil, which influenced his compositions, as well as American Jazz. -
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Tailleferre
Germaine Taillerferre is a French composer and was a member of Les Six. She was the only female member of the group, and was considered very stylish. -
Invention of the Sousaphone
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Prelude to ‘The Afternoon of a Faun'
A tone poem based on the symbolist Stéphane Mallarmé’s poem. They wanted most to avoid the Germanic heroic type of music, and used Free ternary form (ABA’). -
The Invention of the Radio
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Poulenc
Francis Poulenc was born in Paris to rich parents, he was self taught with music tutors and a member of Les Six. Poulenc traveled to meet Schoenberg, Webern, and Berg, but rejected their style. -
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Auric
Geroges Auric was born in southern France, and he studied composition in Paris. Auric is a Neo-classicist and music journalist. He also ran SACEM and did Film Music, and was a member of Les Six. -
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Undisguised Avant-Garde
Boldest expressions against Romanticism, which included composer Erik Satire, painter Salvador Dali, and artist Marcel Dunchamp. They were trying to step out if the perceived quicksand pool of Romantic Aestheticism. -
Expressionism
Focused on completely freeing music from tonality, and had no chord progression rules. Some of the composers are Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, and Anton Webern. -
Invention of Headphones
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Primitivism
Primitivism was a Western visual art movement that borrowed non-western subjects, which were often naive or folk-like in nature. -
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Neo-Classicism
Returned to the ideas of clarity and objectivity of the 18th century. It also used textures, topics, and forms from the past and combined them with modern harmony, tonality, and timbres. -
Pierrot Lunaire
Pierrot lunaire genre is song cycle, there's 21 poems, all from the Belgian symbolist poet Albert Giraud’s Pierrot lunaire and it's divided into 3 sets of 7 poems. Pierrot is a character from Italian commedia dell’arte, and is a clown-like character who has been imitated and used by many composers. -
World War I
The experience of World War I had a major impact on US domestic politics, culture, and society. WWI was known at the time as the Great War, the War to End War, and (in the United States) the European War. -
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Dadaism
A movement of anti-art thinking in which artists and poets in the mid 1910s reacted against war and the bourgeois in Europe. -
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Non-Tonal Music
A style of composition that focused on musical elements other than pitch. -
12 Tone Method (Serialism)
Begin with an arrangement of the 12 chromatic scale tones, this is the tone row, and the pitch order must stay the same. The piece is composed based on this row, following counterpoint guidelines. -
Stock Market Crash
The stock market crashed, wiping out billions of dollars of wealth and heralding the Great Depression. -
Genres
Some of the Genres that were popular during 1890s is Anthem, Aria, Ballade, Ballet, Opera, Character Piece, Concerto, Etude, March, Symphonies and etc. -
Binary and Ternary Forms
Traditional forms were abandoned in favor of more simple, but large scale Binary and Ternary Forms.