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Gauguin
Eugene Paul Gaugin was a French post-impressionist artist and was known for his use of bold colors, exaggerated body proportions and stark contrasts in his paintings. -
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Mahler
Gustav Mahler was a viennese composer who was known for making important expansions to symphonies and lieder, being the heir to Mozart and Beethoven, and utilizing aspects of the music of non-western cultures. -
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Debussy
Claude Debussy is the most important French composer of the early 20th century. He composed the first modern orchestral work entitled "Pre'lude a 'Lapres-midi d'un faune'." -
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Strauss
Richard Strauss was a German composer who was known for tone poems and operas. Two famous operas created by Strauss are Salome and Elektra. -
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Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg was an Austria composer who was known for creating the 12-tone method. -
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Ravel
Maurice Ravel was a French impressionist composer and he was known for writing the first impressionist piano piece. -
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Stravinsky
Igor Stravinsky was a Russian composer who was known for collaborating with Serge Diaghilev for the ballet entitled "The Rite of Spring." -
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Webern
Anton Webern was an Austrian composer who was known for being asscociated with Arnold Schoenberg and Alban Berg. -
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Berg
Alban Berg was an Austria composer who was known for being associated with Arnold Schoenberg and Anton Webern. -
Musical Developments
Key musical developments of the 19th century included Orchestral Programmatic Music (Program Symphony, Symphonic/ Tone Poems, Virtuosity), Naturalism, Lieder (Vocal songs), Orchestral Expansion, and Opera as musical drama. -
Musical Traits
Romanticism traits included New harmonies, String (orchestral/ chamber music), and Melody and Accompaniments. -
Musical Elements
New musical elements of the post-romantic era included Polyrythm and Polytonality. -
Javanese Gamelan
A percussion ensemble; A collection of drums, gongs, xylophones, string instruments (sometimes) and/or vocalists. -
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Maximalism
One of the first modern styles of the post-romantic era. Known for having extreme chromaticism, extreme sizes of performance groups, extreme use of themes and motives (motivic complexity), and thick textures. -
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Impressionism
One of the first modern styles of the post-romantic era. Known for French painting style, Whole tone scales, Parallel movement, Parallel movement of chords, Free rhythm, Vagueness, and Ninth chords. -
Invention of the Escalator
An escalator is a moving staircase with steps that carry people up or down using a conveyor belt and tracks, keeping each step horizontal for the passengers. It was invented by Jesse W. Reno. -
Invention of the Zipper
The zipper is a commonly used device for binding the edges of an opening of fabric or other flexible material. It was invented by W.L. Judson. -
Invention of the Motion- Picture Camera
The motion-picture camera is a device that shows animated pictures or movies. It was invented by Auguste and Louis Lumi`eres. -
Invention of the Vacuum Cleaner
A vacuum cleaner is a device that causes suction in order to remove debris from floors, upholster, draperies, and other surfaces. It was invented by J.S. Thurman. -
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Expressionism
One of the first modern styles of the post-romantic era. Known for Atonality, No chord progression rules, and the 12-tone method. It evolved in Germany and Austria. -
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World War I
World War I began in Europe after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. -
Les Six
A group of six French composers whose music represented a strong reaction against German Romanticism. The composers were Darius Milhaud(1892-1974), Francis Poulenc(1899-1963), Arthur Honegger(1892-1955), Georges Auric (1899-1983), Louis Durey(1888-1979), and Germaine Tailleferre(1892-1983). -
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The Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution occurred after the Bolsheviks seized power and destroyed the traditon of csarist rule.
