-
10,000 BCE
First aboriginal people in St. Lawrence Valley
the First occupants of this territory crossed from Asia on a land bridge made of ice on the Bering Strait, which lead them over time to Quebec -
Founding of Tadoussac
Pierre Chauvin established Tadoussac as a trading post with the goal to centralize the trade between the Natives and the French. -
Foundation of Québec
Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec making it the first permanent settlement to aid the fur trade with the Amerindians. -
Period: to
French Regime
-
Foundation of One-Hundred Associates
Founded by Cardinal Richelieu, the One-Hundred Associates took over to the establishment in New France in exchange France grants the Company the monopoly on the fur trade. -
Foundation of Trois-Rivière
Laviolette founded Trois-Rivières as a permanent colony for commercial purposes related to the fur trade. -
Foundation of Ville-Marie
Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve founded Ville-Marie with the help of Jeanne Mance, who established the first hospital and Marguerite Bourgeois, who established the first public school. -
Jean Talon, the first intendant
King Louis XIV took back control of New France and his intendant Jean Talon undertook the settlement of New France by carrying out the first census and policies to encourage population growth. These policies include immigrations of the engagés, the filles du roi, volunteers and soldiers. -
Period: to
Arrival of the filles du roi
To balance the proportion between women and men, the king encouraged girls old enough to married to emigrate to New France. The filles du roi were orphans who would travel to New France free of charge and receive dowry and 50 livres to find a spouse in New France. -
Period: to
Seven Year War
The Seven Year War was between Great Britain and France, it took place in Europe, Americas, Africa and Asia. The war was ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris that made New France an officially a British Colony. -
British immigration
One of the effects of the Conquest was that several thousand British immigrants, mostly soldiers and merchants settled in New France. -
Period: to
British Military Regime
-
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Year War and France gave up all territories in North America besides the islands of St-Pierre and Miquelon. New France became an official coliny of Great Britian. -
Royal Proclamation
The Royal Proclamation is the first constitution of the Province of Quebec, which describes the operations of the new British colony. This resulted in English criminal and civil laws were in place and the encouraged British immigration. -
The Québec Act
To ensure the loyalty of the Canadians from a political unrest like in the Thirteen colonies, the Québec Act allowed French civil laws to return with English laws for criminal cases. This act also allowed people to freely practice the Roman Catholic Religion. -
American Revolution
The Thirteen British Colonies gained their independence and became the United States of America, they declared their independence on July 4th, 1783 with the Treaty of Versailles. -
Period: to
Loyalist immigration
With the independence of the thirteen colonies, one third of the colonist remained loyal to the King and some 6000 loyalist migrated to the Province of Quebec. -
The Constitutional Act
With the arrival of the loyalist, the constitution divided the province of Quebec in to two, Upper and Lower Canada, each part will have its own religions, laws and land division. The anglophones will settle in Upper Canada and the francophones in Lower Canada. -
Period: to
French Canadian emigration to the United States
This emigration of French Canadians to the United States was caused by the shortage of farmland, railway-network being developed in the northeast of United States, proximity of the American border, industries offered better wages and the modernization of agricultural tools and techniques reduced the need for manual labor. -
Canadas Independence
Canada's independence combined Quebec, Ontario, New-Brunswick and Nova Scotia to for Canada. With a population of 3.4 million people, Canada continued to expand and rapidly settling the entire territory. -
Beginning of urbanization
With the rise of big cities such as Toronto and Montreal, which became industrial center thus attracting a surplus population from rural areas. -
First colonies in Western Canada
Due to the lack of farmland in Quebec, many immigrants headed to the Prairies in Western Canada, where new farmland was available for free from the Government. -
Period: to
World War 1
World War 1 complicated immigration flows resulting in a sudden decline in immigration to Canada. Also, immigrants from enemy countries were considered a threat to the country's security and were refused. -
Period: to
World War 2
World War 2 brought economic growth encouraging settlement in the resource regions like Abitibi, Côte-Nord, Gaspésie, and Nord-Du-Québec, which created a lot of mining and industrial towns in those regions. -
beginning of baby boom
After the Second World War, more then 2 million babies were born during 15 years and the arrival of 30 000 immigrants arrived in the province of Quebec.
