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Sep 8, 1500
Bering Strait Land Bridge
The Bering Strait Land Bridge is what the native people used to cross over from Siberia into North America -
Period: Sep 8, 1500 to
Population and Settlement
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Sep 22, 1500
Algonquins
Algonquins nations lived in the Canadian Shield and the Appalachian mountains. The society was Patriarchal. They were nomadic and set up tipis wherever they stopped. They follow the animals, gather and hunt on their way around. To name a few Algonquian groups, there are the Abenakis, the Naskapis, Innus and many many more. -
Sep 22, 1500
Iroquoians
The Iroquoian nations lives in the St. Lawrence Valley because the soil was very fertile and they lived a sedentary lifestyle meaning they stay in one place and practice agriculture unlike the Algonquians who are nomadic and follow the herds. The society was matriarchal and they live in long houses that are surrounded by palisades for protection against attacks. To name a few Iroquoian nations, there are the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and many many more. -
Sep 22, 1500
Inuits
The Inuits live as nomads like the Algonquins in the north of Quebec, around the Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay. The society is patriarchal. They follow the herds and fish and set up igloos to sleep in. -
Sep 8, 1534
Jacques Cartier
Jaques Cartier, was an French explorer sent by the french king to find a route to Asia, precious metals and to claim new land for the king of France. During his first voyage in 1534, he only explores the Gulf of the Saint-Lawrence. Next in 1535, he goes down through the river and makes it to Hochelaga. During his last voyage in 1541, he tries to settle land but it doesn't work since nobody wants to move since the winter is too harsh and they aren't prepared for it. -
Samuel Champlain
In 1608, Samuel Champlain founded Quebec because that's where the river narrows and where natives are. Quebec is also in a strategic spot because its looking over the river and you can see any enemies coming up the river. He makes contact with Algonquins and starts trading with them and become alliances incase the iroquois attack. -
Company of 100 Associates
In 1627, the company of 100 associates was sent to develop the fur trade so The king of France grants them a trading monopoly on fur in New France. It didn't work because there was a war between France and Britain, they wanted to bring settlers but it cut into profits since they said they would protect the settlers for a year and the profits went back to the company, not in bringing and protecting the settlers. -
Paul Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve
Paul Chomedy founded Ville-Marie in 1642 near Hochelaga which later becomes Montreal. It was originally made to evangelize the Amerindians but instead it became a major trading post. It was a vital trading post because it as located in the heart of amerindian territory. -
Jeanne Mance
Jeane Mance was a French nurse and settler. In 1642, she established the first hospital in New France. -
Jean Talon
Jean Talon was put in charge of New France by king Louis XIV to get more people there. He mostly brought over soldiers and engages. He had 3 ways of bringing people over. He gave free land to soldiers if they agree to stay in New France after their service in the army,
he brings the Filles du Roi into New France since there are no women and gives money to families that have babies and there are punishment fines if you're not married. -
Les Filles du Roi
Les Filles du Roi are 800 young French women who immigrated to New France between 1663 and 1673 sent by king Louis XIV. He sent them to boost Canada's population by encouraging male immigrants to settle there, by promoting marriage, family formation and the birth of more children to help grow the population. -
Demographics of New France
By the time Jean Talon takes over in 1663, there are roughly 3 to 5 thousand people. By the time the British take over in 1760, the population is about 70 000. The majority of Canada's immigrants were soldiers and the main cause of the population growth was Jean Talons policies. -
Seven Year War
The Seven Years War took place in Europe, North America, India and Africa during the years 1756 - 1763. This war brought an end to New France and turned it into British North America! -
Royal Proclamation
The Royal Proclamation officially gives New France to the British who renamed the territory to the Province of Quebec. English laws and the Anglican church were introduced to the territory which meant that Catholicism and French Law were no longer allowed. -
Quebec Act
In the Act of Quebec, the territory was expanded and the oath of allegiance was replaced with one that didnt have any reference to the protestant faith however, it guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith. It restored the use of the French civil law for private matters while maintaining the use of the english common law for public administration. -
Constitutional Act
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The Great Famine
Between 1845 and 1852, there was a period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration in Ireland. The main food source was potatoes and a disease made the potatoes not fit to eat.
Approximately 1 million people died and 1 million emigrated. The people that immigrated British North America were Quarantined at Grosse-Ile to prevent disease from spreading. -
Immigration Policies from 1867 to 1885
Under the British North America Act, The Provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick, Ontario and Nova Scotia join to create the Dominion of Canada. There were nearly 3.4 million people in the Dominion at the time. In 1871, they held the first Canadian census which showed thatQuebec had 1 191 516 inhabitants. More than one million were French Canadians. Prime Minister John A. MacDonald wanted to settle the west of the Dominion through immigration so workers needed to build the railroad. -
Indian Act
The Indian Act shows that the reserves are the governments property who authorizes only Native populations to live on and hunt and fish. Quebec decided to one day exploit the reseves natural resources and the provincial government made decisions without consulting the amerindian population. This made the native population very angry so the government agreed to then compensate them for exploiting their territory. -
Baby Boom
When the soldiers came back from world war II, the population started to grow because of an increased number in marriages and births. The birth rate shot up to 3.84 babies per mother. Since there were so many babies coming all of a sudden, the state needed to invest in public institutions like schools and hospitals to meet the needs of the growing population. -
Immigration after the 1950s
In 1952, There was a specific criteria followed to see if they would allow immigrants in. British subjects, French citizens, U.S. residents and Asians that already have a family in Canada were prioritized.
The act excluded people like Asians for example without family in Canada, Indians, Pakistanis and Sri Lankans. In 1962, the government eliminated any criteria that was racially discriminatory.
In 1966, the criteria is based on skills, knowledge of French and English. -
The Immigration Act of 1976
The main objectives of the immigration act in 1976 were to encourage the population to grow, enrich cultural heritage, facilitate family reunions, facilitate the adaptation of new residents into the society, selection with non-discriminatory criteria and maintain humanitarian attitude towards refugees. -
Bill 101
The Quebec Government enacted The Charter of the French language or “Bill 101” in 1976. This bill protected the French language in Quebec and made it so immigrant children had to go to French School. -
Oka Crisis
The Oka Crisis was a 78-day standoff between Mohawk protesters, police, and the army. The crisis started because there was they wanted to expand a golf course and develop condominiums on land that was a Mohawk burial ground. 75 people were wounded, 100 were charged and 1 Mohawk elder was killed during the dispute. -
Brain Drain
In the 2000's, people living in Canada saw that there are many better job opportunities in the US that offer much better salaries so what the highly trained and intelligent people do is they pack up and leave Canada to go start a new, better life in the US.
