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English Civil War and Glorious Revolution
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English Revolution - The Battle of Naseby
The Battle of Naseby was the most significant battle of the first English Civil War because it effectively ended the chances of the Royalists winning the War. It was the first battle that the Parliament's New Battle Army fought,and they proved to work very well. The Royalists lost two thirds of their main field army and Charles I's correspondance with Irish rebels was captured.This badly damaged his reputation and support for the war was boosted up. -
Execution of Charles l
Charles was trialed, found guilty and executed for high treason. In result of this, the monarchy was abolished, and replaced with a republic called the Commonwealth of England. The execution destroyed the idea that the monarch was all powerful. Charles had been taxing too heavily and imprisoning those who did not pay the taxes without any trailing. -
English Revolution - Oliver Cromwell ending the War of Three Kingdoms
Charles II had created an army of English and Scottish Royalists. This prompted Cromwell to invade Scotland. He won control of most of Scotland at the Battle of Dunbar, and then later gained control of the rest at Worcester. Oliver Cromwell and the parlimentarians defeated the Royalists in the last battle of the English Civil War. -
English Revolution - Reign of William and Mary
William of Orange succussfully invaded England with a Dutch Fleet. His aim was to overthrow King James ll of England, Vll of Scotland, and ll of Ireland. He, along with his wife become monarchs after winning. The government becomes a constitutional monarchy, limits power of the Royals and places more rights into parliment. The new ruling gave much less power to the actual King and Queen, and marked the important transition to the government placed there today. -
English Revolution - Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights is an Act of Parliament, which layed down limits on the powers of the monarch, the rights of parliament, prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments, reestablished the liberty of protestants, recognized Freedomof Speech, as well as many other aspects of Freedom. It reflected the ideas of John Locke and it contributed to the creation of the concept of a parliamentary sovereignty and cutting off power of the monarch. It led to the creation of the constitutional monarchy. -
American Revolution - The Stamp Act
The Stamp Act was the first new tax placed on the American colonists by British parliament that was viewed as unfair. Every piece of printed paper used required taxes paid.Prior to the Stamp Act, taxes were viewed as something that would regulate commerce, but the colonists saw this as an attempt to raise money in the colonies, without the colonial legislatures' approval. This was the first of many Acts which raised taxation, and the first time colonists became unapproving of their government. -
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American Revolution
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American Revolution - Boston Massacre
After British Troops arrived in Boston in order to control any violence, there was tension between the public and the British trying to enforce the King's law on them. The Boston Massacre was an incident where five colonists died during a street fight when colonists mobbed at the British officers. News of the killings spread quickly, and fueled the idea of revolution. -
American Revolution - The Boston Tea Party
In protest of the unfair taxation, colonists boarded a ship in the British harbour that was full of tea, and dumped it all off the side of the boat. The Tea Act would have taxed the colonists had the tea reached its destination, but the main reason for this was to show the British that they were protesting in defiance. The Boston Tea Party pushed the two sides closer to a war. -
American Revolution - The British Surrender of Yorktown
British troops arrived in Yorktown, expecting more troops to come help from New York, but they never arrived. This gave the Americans, with help from the french, an opportunity to win the war. The Americans and French eventually got the British troops surrounded, and as they ran out of food and ammunition, the general announced their surrender. This marks the beginning of American freedom. -
American Revolution - Signing of the Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris officially and formally ended the American Revolution, recognized the American's freedom and created borders for the new nation. -
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French Revolution
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French Revolution - Storming of the Bastille
Bastille was a prison that was a symbol of the King's ultimate power, because it once housed political prisoners. A mob of revolutionaries stormed Bastille attempting to get weapons and ammunition. They successfully got a hold of 3000 rifles. The prison was weakly guarded, but even after the guards' surrender, the mob left no guard alive. The storming of Bastille symbolically marked the begining of the revolution. -
Women's March of Versailles
7000 working women marched in the rain from Paris to Versailles carrying pitchforks, pikes and muskets. They were furious with Mary Antoinette, demanding they were to be given bread, for all their families were starving. The women took Mary Antoinette and the King as prisoners of the common people until they agreed to their terms. This event took down the Monarchy of Versailles, and also gave women a new respect, which would help grow towards gender equality. -
Addition of the Legislative Assembly
In replacement of the National Assembly, the Legislative Assembly was put in place. This gave France the government of a constitutional monarchy, and diminished a lot of the power of the King. The legislative Assembly was short lived because the King had power to veto certain things, which angered the public. This event gave room for new ideas and people to start to change things around France. -
French Revolution - Attack on the Tuileries Palace
Tuileries Palace was the new home of the King and the place of the legislative assembly. A crowd of several thousand people massed outside, most of them carrying some kind of weapon looking to abolish the King. He took refugee in the legislative building as the mob breached the palace gates and began to attack. The Swiss Army held them off for as long as they could, but the event killed so many that is was practically a massacre. The aftermath was elections for a new national convention. -
Rise of Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte, a french military man who later crowned himself emperor of France, was extremely influential in the rebuilding of French society and government. He worked to restore stability, centralize government, bring more importance to education and sciences, and improve relations with the pope - all things that had suffered during the revolution.
