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Communities policed themselves
This was before 1838 where people would punish others by embarrassing them in public and shunning them. This was a way of showing that there was disapproval. -
The NYPD (1845)
The New York Police Department was created in New York, New York. The NYPD was created to to create standardization police practicing across the U.S. The NYPD created their uniforms based on the London Metropolitan Police which included having formal uniforms and having crime prevention tactics. -
Enforcement of Segregation and Reconstruction Era (1865-1877)
The enforcement of segregation and reconstruction era happened in the southern part of the United States. During the Civil War the law enforcement in the South created a space which separated people for their race and the color of their skin. This is controversial due to the fact that they were racist towards people of color. This event highlights the racist era of policing and shows that there was a long-term advantage that the police force was using on other races. -
The Establishment of The FBI
The establishment of the FBI happened in the United States. Their headquarters weren't established until 1935 in Washington D.C. The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) was made to address crimes which were more serious and harder to solve. Their main focus is to focus on interstate crime and corruption in the U.S. This expansion allowed the law enforcement to be in a federal level, which allowed the law to shift around all states. -
Wickersham Commission Report
The Wickersham Commission Report was created by President Hoover. This Report was made to investigate how law enforcement practices run day by day. In this investigation there was information found about police corruption which mainly happened during prohibition. This was an important event because this allowed law enforcement to create better training systems, becoming more professional, and increased an oversight for police departments. -
First Police Department Established
The first police department was established in 1838 in Boston, Massachusetts. This was the first police department which was created to react to populations growing in urban areas. They were created to maintain order in the area to ensure safety and security. This is big in history because it's the first place which is run by the government as well as paying police officers for the first time. -
Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda v. Arizona happened June 13th, 1966 in the U.S Supreme Court. Because of this trial, the U.S Supreme Court ruled that all suspects that are being arrested by the police have to know their rights. Their rights include having an attorney before being questioned by the police as well as remaining silent. Because of this trial there were a change of rules in police procedures which allowed suspects to know their constitutional rights. -
War on Drugs and Policing
This happened during the 1970's to 1980's around the U.S. The government created a "War on Drugs" which led to policing events such as aggressive policing tactics, pointing fingers at small minorities, and having a huge incarceration rate. The controversy behind this is that there were small communities being brutalized and the police were acting aggressively to the situations. Because of this event there have been militarized approaches to law enforcement and strained relationships. -
The Rise of Community Policing Independent Research
The community policing was established in the 1990s in the U.S. This community was created in order to recreate the relationships between law enforcements and communities around the U.S. It brought to light crime prevention with addressing the roots of the crime and how to stop them. This shifted the law enforcements strategies from reactive to proactive creating a more safe space and focus on a positive relationship between the two. -
LA Riots and Rodney King
The LA Riots took place during 1991-1992 in Los Angeles, California. The LAPD's approach to Rodney King was overly aggressive which caused rioting against racism. Rodney Kings beating was on camera and many people saw it which triggered them to want to speak up. This brought nationwide attention about taking accountability for the police brutality that occurred and racism. -
Militarization After 9/11
The militarization after 9/11 took place all over the U.S. The police departments had to endorse more military style strategies and equipment. There was also more programs created in order for there to be more protection like the Department of Defense's 1033 Program. The militarization created controversy with people saying that there should be a different relationship between law enforcement and citizens especially during protesting. -
Michael Brown Shooting and Ferguson Protests
The Michael Brown Shooting took place in Ferguson, Missouri on August 9th, 2014. Brown was an unarmed teenager who was shot by a police officer. This led protests to spark about racial equality, police violence, and the militarization of police departments. This forced police officers to take accountability for the wrong doings of shooting people without any causation. -
George Floyd Murder + Global Protests
The murder of George Floyd occurred on Minneapolis, Minnesota. This caused worldwide protests for the police officer to take accountability for what he did to Floyd and demanded racial justice. This caused the defunding of police, reconstructing of police, and the criminal justice system to address the racial inequalities.