Plessy v. Ferguson- 1896 Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car. Rejecting Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated.
By mfon
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Jim Crow Laws
His laws affected almost everything in a daily life segregation in schools, parks, libraries, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, trains, and restaurants. "Whites Only" and "Colored" were everywhere -
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Black Codes
They were made withe the effect of restricting African Americans freedom, and to work in a labor economy based on low wages or indebt. -
13th Amendment
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
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14th Amendment
The amedment was the citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was a response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. -
Sharecropping
A landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of the land. -
15th Amendment
"right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
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Lynching
To kill someone without a legal trial -
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CORE
Congress of Racial Equality became one of the leading activist organizations in the American Civil Rights Movement. In the early 1960s, CORE, working with other civil rights groups, launched a series of initiatives: the Freedom Rides, aimed at desegregating public facilities, the Freedom Summer voter registration project and the historic 1963 March on Washington -
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Non-Violent Protest
Dr. King believed that nonviolent protest is the most effective weapon against a racist and unjust society. But it required rallying people to his cause and millions of blacks took to the streets for peaceful protests and acts of civil disobedience -
Hector P. Garcia
A Mexican American earned undergraduate and medical degrees from The University of Texas and served in the Army with distinction in World War II. He founded the American GI Forum, organizing veterans to fight for educational and medical benefits, as well he was against poll taxes and school segregation -
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Desegregation
Nearly 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans and other races are still unequal from segregation and various forms of oppression. -
Brown V. Board of education
It held the racial segregation of children in public schools that violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Thurgood Marshall
In 1954, he won the Brown v. Board of Education case which the Supreme Court ended racial segregation in public schools. Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1967, and served for 24 years. -
Emmett Till
14-year-old African-American who was lynched (killed) in Mississippi in 1955, after a white woman said she was "offended" by him in her family's grocery store. Which she later said he didn't even talk to her. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks refused to give her bus seat to a white passenger, starting the the Montgomery boycott and many others did the same in an effort to end segregation. -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating is regarded as the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in the U.S. On December 1, 1955, four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, refused to yield her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. -
Orval Faubus
He became the symbol of racial segregation when he used Arkansas National Guardsmen to nine black students who had been ordered by a federal judge to desegregate and attend at Little Rock's Central High School. -
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SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. Martin Luther King Jr, had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement -
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LIttle Rock NIne
Nine black students enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
A voting rights bill, it was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States -
George Wallace
He became known as a resistance to the civil rights movement of 1960s. He also made a political career as a man who opposed the advancement of rights for blacks, as well as the powers of the federal government. -
Sit-Ins
One or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change -
Freedom Riders
More than 400 black and white Americans risked their lives and many beatings and imprisonment for simply traveling together on buses and trains as they journeyed through the Deep South. -
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Affirmative Action
It is one of the most effective tools for redressing the injustices caused by our nation’s historic discrimination against people of other color and women. -
Cesar Chavez
Union leader and labor organizer he dedicated his life to improving treatment, pay and working conditions for all farm workers. He led marches, called for boycotts and went on several hunger strikes. -
Ole Miss Integration
Riots at the campus of the University of Mississippi in Oxford where locals, students, and committed segregationists had gathered to protest the enrollment of James Meredith -
Betty Friedan
She helped advance women’s rights movement as one of the founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW). Increased the role for women in the political process and the women’s right movement.She also wrote "The Feminine Mystique" in 1963 -
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U of Alabama Integration
African American students attempted to desegregate the University of Alabama. Alabama's new governor, flanked by state troopers, literally blocked the door of the enrollment office. -
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March on Washington
200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C. for the March on Washington for jobs and freedom. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech inspired many in the march. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
He led the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968.His most famous speech is "I Have a Dream" -
Lester Maddox
He violated the newly signed federal Civil Rights Act by refusing to serve three black Georgia Tech students at his Pickrick Restaurant. Maddox was determined that no black should experience the quality of food that was only meant for whites. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. -
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Civil Disobedience
The refusal to certain laws or to pay taxes, as a peaceful form of political protest. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment -
Watts Riots
Marquette Frye a young African American motorist, was pulled over and arrested by a white California Highway Patrolman, for suspicion of driving while intoxicated. As a crowd on onlookers gathered at the scene of Frye's arrest, strained tensions between police officers and the crowd erupted in a violent exchange. -
Stokely Carmichael
He was known for "black power for black people", He was better known as a rising young community organizer in the civil rights movement. -
Black Panthers
They practiced militant self-defense to be used against the U.S. government, and fought to establish revolutionary through mass organizing and community based programs. -
Title IX
Education Amendments Act states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."
