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Aug 3, 1492
Start
Columbus starts journey -
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Aug 6, 1492
Cassava
Cassava was introduced to Africa by Portuguese traders from Brazil
Cassava is sometimes described as the "bread of the tropics"
Cassava is now important staple foods, replacing native African crops.
To: old world
Sources:
https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/11986330/nunn-columbian-exchange.pdf?sequence=1
http://www.shmoop.com/columbian-exchange/terms.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassava -
Jan 1, 1493
Sugar
introduction of sugarcane to Santo Domingo on Columbus' second voyage in 1493
caused ongoing world-wide addiction on sugar
labor on Native Americans, killing 95%, then to slaves
To: new world
Source:
http://www2.palomar.edu/users/scrouthamel/sugar.htm -
Jan 1, 1493
Pineapple
Pineapple(Ananas cosmosus) is introduced to the world from the Natives in South America on the first trip of Columbus on the leeward island of Guadeloupe, and brought it back with him to Spain
Required direct import and enormous cost in equipment, which invented hothouses (pineries)
Grown as a symbol of wealth
To: old world
Sources:
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/dec/10/featuresreviews.guardianreview4 -
Jan 1, 1493
Chili Peppers
Diego Álvarez Chanca, a physician on Columbus' second voyage to the West Indies in 1493, brought the first chili peppers to Spain and first wrote about their medicinal effects in 1494
Hungary- they became the national spice in the form of paprika
Today chilies are an integral part of South Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.
To: old world
Source:
https://www.itsnature.org/plant_life/vegetation-plants/chili-pepper/ -
Jan 1, 1502
Peanut
the peanut (mani) was considered a healthy food by the Caribbean islanders, but the Spanish considered it beneath their station to make it part of their own diet
Peanuts would mainly be used to provision slaves, as well as fodder for hogs
invention of a steam-powered thresher in 1856
In US, peanuts and peanut butter are the most popular nut choice and comprise 67% of all nut consumption
To: old world
Source:
poplargrove.org/discover/gullah-geechee-2/peanuts/
peanut-institute.org/peanut-facts/ -
Jan 1, 1502
Cacao
In 1502 Columbus was visited by an Aztec chief in splendid raiments, bearing gifts. Among the cloth, copper objects and wooden weapons presented to Columbus were cocoa beans
later than, a drink of chocolate was found by Cortez, which were used for military purposes, further developed recipe in Europe
They gained Mexico forests for cacao, worked by slaves
To: old world
Sources:
http://www.medicinehunter.com/brief-history-cocoa -
Apr 6, 1521
Tomato
Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés may have been the first to transfer the small yellow tomato to Europe after he captured the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan, now Mexico City, in 1521
Various Italian dishes were invented, tomato sauce
Mexican dish- salsa
To: old world
Source:
http://columbianexchangeproject.blogspot.com/2013/09/tomatoes.html -
Jan 1, 1536
Potatoes
Spanish Conquistadors conquered Peru, discovered the flavors of the potato, and carried them to Europe.
Hungary and other European countries used it for staple food, which allowed population increase, but also caused potato famine
Source:
http://thecolumbianexchange.weebly.com/potato.html -
Rice
The rice brought to America and grown in South Carolina was originally domesticated and grown in Africa
Slaves from Africa had skills for farming, so was brought for work
dragged the period of slavery longer
To: new world
Source:
http://thecolumbianexchange.weebly.com/rice.html
