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ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. This was the first multipurpose computer used to store/compress data. It weighed 30 tons! -
Birth of Quantitative Data
S. S. Stevens developed four classifications, or levels of measurement, for
quantitative data based on its inherent values: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
scales. -
Vital Statistics Required
Vital statistics become part of the new National Center for Health Statistics, now part of the CDC. -
First Mortality Tables
Edmund Haley developed the first mortality tables to predict life expectancy. This was the mergence of data and probabilistic analysis. -
Health Care Information Management
The adoption and use of information technologies to capture, store and analyze health information -
Historic Use of Meta-Analytic Data
US Environmental Protection Agency, relying on a meta-analysis of 11 studies of smokers' spouses, classified environmental or "second-hand" tobacco smoke as a Group A carcinogen along with radon, asbestos, and benzene -
IOM report "To Err is To Be Human"
A four tiered approach to standardize improvement and to achieve a better patient safety record. -
Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Formalized state-level HIEs; the interoperable and flexible
infrastructure by which personal health information can be shared across providers and platforms in a manner that preserves confidentiality, privacy, and accountability. -
Stage 2 Meaningful Use Regulation
CMS require EHR systems to exchange immuniza-
tion data with IISs starting in 2014.
These new regulations may result in more bidi-
rectional exchange between EHR systems and IISs. -
Big Data
Participants in the NIH Bioinformatics
Festival agreed the factors that create such large datasets include high volume, variety, velocity, variability, as well as complex vocabularies, validation, and verification, and these issues continue to be subject to intense research and discussion -
United States Begins Using ICD-10
ICD-10-CM codes are now mandated for all inpatient medical reporting requirements. There are over 70,000 ICD-10-CM codes, which is up from around 14,000 ICD-9-CM codes -
Memorandum of Transparency
President Obama created Data.gov which became the model for an accessible repository of datasets and tools.
