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Agricultural Marketing Act
In a notable exception, Hoover championed the 1929 Agricultural Marketing Act 1929 act aimed at raising prices for goods created by farmers to alleviate their financial suffering. The Federal Farm Board's purchase of surplus could not keep up with the production; as farmers realized that they could just sell the government their crops, they reimplemented the use of fertilizers and other techniques to increase production. -
The Great Depression
A 10 year economic slump that started in the United States and affected all industrialized countries in the world. -
Black Tuesday
A major American Stock Market crash occurred in October of 1929. This began the chain of events leading to the Great Depression, a 10 year period. It was an economic slump that affected all industrialized countries in the world. -
Hawley-Smoot Act
In an exception to his aversion to spending, Hoover lobbied Congress to create the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to supply loans to troubled banks, railroads, and insurance companies. By injecting federal dollars into these critical enterprises, the president and lawmakers expected to produce dividends that would trickle down from the top of the economic structure to the bottom. -
Hawley-Smoot Act
In an exception to his aversion to spending, Hoover lobbied Congress to create the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to supply loans to troubled banks, railroads, and insurance companies. By injecting federal dollars into these critical enterprises, the president and lawmakers expected to produce dividends that would trickle down from the top of the economic structure to the bottom. -
Scottsboro Nine
Nine African American youths convicted of raping two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama, in 1931. The Communist Party played a key role in defending the Scottsboro Nine and in bringing national and international attention to their case. -
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Government corporation endorsed by Herbert Hoover and created by Congress. It provided federal support through loans to troubled banks, railroads, and insurance companies under the belief that the economic benefits would trickle down from the top of the economic structure to the bottom -
Dust Bowl
Name for the southern plains of the United States during the Great Depression when the region experienced massive dust storms due to soil erosion caused by poor farming practices and drought. -
Bonus Army
World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C. in 1932 to demand immediate payment of their service bonuses. President Hoover refused to negotiate and instructed the U.S. Army to clear the capital of protestors, leading to a violent clash. -
Roosevelt Re-elected
In the presidential election, incumbent Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt won re-election, defeating Republican Governor Alf Landon of Kansas. Roosevelt took every state but Vermont and Maine, winning with the fourth largest electoral vote margin in American history. -
Tydings-McDuffie Act
1934 act granting independence to the Philippines and restricting Filipino immigration into the United States.