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Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso refers to a proposal to prohibit slavery in the territory acquired by the U.S. at the conclusion of the Mexican War. It was amendment to a funding bill that was created by President James K. Polk and was made to establish and fund peace negotiations with Mexico for a Treaty to end the War. https://definitions.uslegal.com/w/wilmot-proviso/ -
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Mexican-American War
A war fought between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. The United States won the war, encouraged by the feelings of many Americans that the country was accomplishing its manifest destiny of expansion. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The war officially ended with the February 2, 1848, signing in Mexico of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo -
Mexican Cession
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The Mexican Cession is the region in the modern-day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. -
Compromise of 1850
Senator Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions on January 29, 1850, in an attempt to seek a compromise and avert a crisis between North and South. As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/compromise1850.html -
Fugitive Slave Law
The Fugitive Slave Act or Fugitive Slave Law was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers. ... Abolitionists nicknamed it the "Bloodhound Law", for the dogs that were used to track down runaway slaves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850 -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. www.historyplace.com/lincoln/kansas.htm -
"Bleeding Kansas"
Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in the United States between 1854 and 1861 which emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott v. Sanford was a 1857 Supreme Court case in which a slave, Dred Scott, tried to sue for his freedom on the grounds that his master moved him to a free territory. ... The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional, and that the federal government could not prohibit slavery in any state or territory. https://magoosh.com/hs/apush/2017/the-dred-scott-decision-apush-topics-to-study-for-test-day/ -
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
The Lincoln–Douglas debates were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for the United States Senate from Illinois, and incumbent Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Douglas_debates -
Raid of Harpers Ferry
Abolitionist John Brown leads a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), in an attempt to start an armed slave revolt and destroy the institution of slavery. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-browns-raid-on-harpers-ferry -
Election of 1860
United States presidential election of 1860, American presidential election held on Nov. 6, 1860, in which Republican Abraham Lincoln defeated Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell. https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1860 -
Battle of Fort Sumter
The Battle of Fort Sumter (April 12–13, 1861) was the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina by the Confederate States Army, and the return gunfire and subsequent surrender by the United States Army, that started the American Civil War. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Sumter -
Battle of Antietam
Fought on September 17, 1862, Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history with over 23,000 casualties (men listed as killed, wounded, captured or missing) in roughly 12 hours. The battle ended the Confederate invasion of Maryland in 1862 and resulted in a Union victory.Oct 28, 2015 https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-battle-of-antietam-facts-summary-significance.html -
Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation -
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. After a great victory over Union forces at Chancellorsville, General Robert E. Lee marched his Army of Northern Virginia into Pennsylvania in late June 1863. https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-gettysburg -
Battle of Vicksburg
Battle Summary: Vicksburg, MS. Description: In May and June of 1863, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's armies converged on Vicksburg, investing the city and entrapping a Confederate army under Lt. Gen. John Pemberton. On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations. https://www.nps.gov/abpp/battles/ms011.htm -
Election of 1864
In the United States Presidential election of 1864, Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as president. Lincoln ran under the National Union banner against his former top Civil War general, the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan. https://www.270towin.com/1864_Election/ -
Lincoln's assassination
The Assassination of President Lincoln. Shortly after 10 p.m. on April 14, 1865, actor John Wilkes Booth entered the presidential box at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C., and fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln. www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/civil/jb_civil_lincoln_1.html -
Thirteenth Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution -
Freedmen's Bureau
The Freedmen's Bureau, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedmens-bureau -
Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866, 14 Stat. 27–30, enacted April 9, 1866, was the first United States federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866 -
Fourteenth amendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. ... The 14th amendment is a very important amendment that defines what it means to be a US citizen and protects certain rights of the people. https://kids.laws.com/14th-amendment -
Fifteenth Amendment
The 15th Amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/15thamendment.html -
Military reconstruction
In 1867, Congress passed the Military Reconstruction Acts of 1867, which divided the South into five military districts governed by previous Union generals. ... Soon, the Democratic South was under Republican rule. By 1870, all the Confederate states had rejoined the union and by 1877, all military forces had been removed. https://study.com/academy/lesson/military-reconstruction-act-history-summary-quiz.html -
Election of 1876
The United States presidential election of 1876 was one of the most disputed presidential elections in American history. Samuel J. Tilden of New York outpolled Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote, and had 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 165, with 20 votes uncounted. https://www.270towin.com/1876_Election/ -
Compromise of 1877
The Compromise of 1877 was an informal, unwritten deal, that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromise_of_1877