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Period: to
Period 5
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James Watt perfects steam engine
The steam engine pumps water out of mines. James Watt perfected the original versions into the "modern" steam engine. This allowed mining to become profoundly more successful. -
Reign of King Lous XVI
Louis XVI was the king of France from 1774–92. He was the ruler of France during the French Revolution of 1789. He was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. -
American Revolution
American Revolution (1775-1787) in the United States, began as rebellion of thirteen North American colonies against Great Britain. American independence was achieved and European powers recognized the independence of the United States, with mixed results for the other nations involved. -
Spinning Mule Developed
The spinning mule was developed in 1779 by Samuel Crompton. The spinning mule gave control over the weaving process. For example, many different types of yarn could be produced. -
Simón Bolivar
Simón Bolivar was a military leader who was important in the revolutions against the Spanish empire. In 1808 he joined the resistance after France invaided Spain. -
French Revolution
The reasons for the French revolution were mainly the growing weath and power of the Elite, crop failers, and the effects of earlier/ongoing revolutions. The result of a revolution was the effort to create a bettr, mor equal governmental system. -
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution lasted until 1804 and was the result of unfare slavery, classes, and working conditions in Haiti. The slaves, freed colored people, and lower class white rebelled against the higher status citizens. This war was the first sucessful slave rebellion -
Toussaint Louverture
Toussaint Louverture (born in 1743) was the leader of the Haitian rebellion (1791) against the French. He was able to lead the slaves to the firsht sucessful slave revolt. -
Cotton gin Developed
Eli Whittney created the cotton gin in 1793. This invention revolutionazed the cotton industry by creating a surplus of cotton with less labor. -
Reign of Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte was a military general who became the first emperor of France. His drive for military expansion changed the world. -
Wars of Independence in Latin America
In 1810, South America was under the control of Spain's vast New World Empire. By 1825, the continent had become independent, having won its independence at the cost of deadly wars with Spanish and royalist forces -
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was an assembly that met after the Napoleon wars. The goal was to overthrow Napoleon. They reached this conclusion shortly before the defeat of Napoleon. -
War of Greek Independence
War of Greek Independence lasted from 1821–32. It was a rebellion lead by the Greeks against the Ottoman Empire. It resulted in the establishment of an independent kingdom of Greece. -
Opium War
The Opim war lasted from 1839 to 1860 and was between China and England. England was exporting opium into China where the lower class population became mostly addicted. Because of this, China's society was crumbling, so they rebelled against England. -
Communist Manifesto published
The Communist Manifesto, originally titled Manifesto of the Communist Party, is a short 1848 publication written by the political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Of all the documents of modern socialism, it is the most widely read and the most influential. -
Unification of Italy
Garibaldi and the legion of Red Shirts (Italian democrats fighting for a deomocracy) failed in the attempt to maintain conservative power in Europe. However, the aristocratic politician named Camillo di Cavour finally united Italy under the crown of Sardinia. -
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion lasted from 1850–64; it was a radical political and religious upheaval led by Hong Xiuquan. He was influenced by Christian teachings and claimed to have a series of visions. HE believed himself to be the son of God, -
Unification of Germany
Otto von Bismarck pushed German unification from 1850 to 1871. During this time, Bismark sided with Austria to unify the many provinces under the power of Prussia. -
Crimean War
The Crimean war was from October 1853–February 1856. It was faught between Russians and the British, French, and Ottoman Turkish due to the Russians attempt to protect the Orthodox in the Otoman Empire. It was settled by Peace agreements. -
Bessemer Process Developed
Bessemer process was the first method discovered for mass-producing steel. It was supposedly conceived independently and almost concurrently by Bessemer and by William Kelly of the United States. -
Sepoy Rebellion
The Sepoy rebbellion, also known as the Indian Mutany, was a failed attempt for India to escape British rule. This rebellion began in Meerut and spread rapidly throughout India. -
Origin of the Species published
Origin of the Species by Charles Darwin was published on November 24 (my birthday) 1859. He introduced the theory of evolution and the ideal of "survival of the fittest." These ideals had a huge impact around the world and provoced controvery and support. -
Emancipation of Russian serfs
The emancipation of Russian serfs was the result of Alexander II's realization that the feudal system was a liability. This was shown during the Crimean War. -
Meijj Restoration
The Meijj Restoration lasted from 1868–1912. The restoration was a political revolution that was the effect of the Tokagowa Shogunate's decline. The result of this revolution is the modern, westernized Japan. -
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is located in Egypt. It is a 101 mile long canal that reaches from the Mediterranean Sea to the Gulf of Suez. The first modern attempts to build the canal came when Napoleon Bonaparte conducted an expedition to Egypt. -
Berlin West Africa Conference
Berlin West Africa Conference was a series of negotiations from Nov. 15, 1884 to Feb. 26, 1885 at Berlin, in which the major European nations met to decide all questions connected with the Congo River basin in Central Africa. The conference, proposed by Portugal in pursuance of its special claim to control of the Congo estuary, was necessitated by the jealousy and suspicion with which the great European powers viewed one another’s attempts at colonial expansion in Africa. -
Indian National Congress founded
The Indian National Conress was in control of India's struggle for freedom with Great Britian. Since India's time of independence, the Congress has formed the magority of India's government. -
Boer War
The Southern tip of Africa had been shared between British colonies and independent republics of Dutch–Afrikaner settlers, known as Boers. In order to escape British rule many Boers had moved north and east from the Cape to settle at the Boer republics of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal. Throughout the nineteenth century tensions were high between Britain and the Boers, and in 1880–81 the two sides fought a war in which the Boers inflicted several costly defeats on the British army. -
Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion, officially supported peasant uprising of 1900 that attempted to drive all foreigners from China. “Boxers” was a name that foreigners gave to a Chinese secret society known as the Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”). By late 1899 the Boxers were openly attacking Chinese Christians and Western missionaries. A protocol was finally signed in September 1901, ending the hostilities and providing for reparations to be made to the foreign powers. -
Russo-Japanese War
This was was faught when Japan wanted Russia to withdraw their expansionist policy in the Far East. Japan was successful, making it the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power. -
All-India Muslim League founded
Muslim League, political organization of India and Pakistan, founded 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan
III. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India. An early leader in the League, Muhammad Iqbal
, was one of the first to propose (1930) the creation of a separate Muslim India. -
Henry Ford and assembly line
Henry Ford introduced the first automobile assembly line. This had a profound impact on the automobile industry and manufactiring worldwide. It was an effective way to massproduce goods with low wage labor. -
Panama Canal
In 1914, the Panama Canal was completed. The project was overseen by the Spanish in an effort to create a waterway allowing passage between North and South America.