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Period 2
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New France
-The French wanted control of the northern fur trade. However it was impossible to have full control of the coastal trade from the outpost of Port Royal on the Bay of Fundy.
-The control of the fur grounds of the Great Lakes provided them with geographic and political design.
-Engages went to New France in the fur trade, but many returned to France soon after.
-The French could have filled their part of America with thousands of Huguenots,but Huguenots were followers of Calvinism. -
Chesapeake
-England’s Virginia Company sent ships and a hundred men to Chesapeake Bay to build Jamestown.
-John Smith, the colony’s military leader, helped populate and colonize Jamestown, which was named in honor of the king.
-The English thought of the Powhatan Confederacy as savages who did not own the land of America.
-However, the Indians were led by a sophisticated political system, or the Powhatan Confederacy. -
Powhatan Confederacy
-The Confederacy was led by Powhatan, who was weary of allowing foreigners to stay in the Chesapeake area.
-The English relied on the confederacy for survival.
-However, they later declared war on the Indians.
-Powhatan married his daughter, Pocahontas, to John Rolfe as a sign of a peace treaty. -
Tobacco
-Virginia colonists needed to find a merchantable good in order to attract new settlers to Virginia.
-They found that tobacco was very merchantable; however it required much hand labor.
-The Virginia Company started “headright grants” to attract new settlers and gain cheaper labor to work the tobacco fields. -
Puritans
-Due to the political condition England was in at the time, Puritans believed that the only way to save their congregation was through emigration.
-A few wealthy Puritans created the Massachusetts Bay Company.
-The Massachusetts Bay Company was a royal charter granted by the English government.
-This cause population rates in America to increase rapidly.
-It also allowed people to take loopholes in their charter’s. -
First Colony
-Plymouth was the first English colony in the New World.
-The first colony was founded by Puritans/Separatists.
-The Indians rescued the colonist again when at least half of them had died.
-One large colony was hard to have absolute power over for England, therefore Plymouth separated. -
New Ideas
-In the New World, came new ideas.
-Many believed that whatever land white men have stood on is rightfully theirs.
-Roger Williams believed the opposite, that America rightfully belonged to the Indians.
-He also believed in religious tolerance and that the church should not rule.
-He was banned from his colony for having ideas that created controversy. -
Religious Controversy
-Anne Hutchinson criticized Boston ministers for a lack of piety.
-She angered Calvinist by stating that you could earn your way to heaven.
-It was very unusual for a woman to speak up and argue against men; however Anne was not afraid.
-Like Roger Williams, Hutchinson was banned for creating controversy among the people. -
Navigation Acts
-To save money and to gain money, England set Navigation Acts on overseas traders
-Overseas traders were no longer allowed to trade with other traders
-Use English ships and goes back and forth to the colonial items -
King Philip's War
-After the conflict between the English settlers and Pequot Indians over the control of trade, or the Pequot War, 40 years of peace followed.
-By 1671, series of conflicts occurred. Colonist pressured the Pokanoket’s leader, Metacom, into allowing them have authority over his home territory.
-English became hungry for more territory; therefore they attacked the Natives which is known today as King Philip’s War. -
Bacon's Rebellion
-While King Philip’s War went on in New England, a different Indian-English conflict went on in the Chesapeake.
-Nathaniel Bacon and his followers became furious with William Berkeley, the governor, for the little effort Berkeley put in in order to stop the raids from the natives.
-Bacon and his followers pillaged and burned the capital.
-He wanted to the rule of aristocratic rule over the country and the removal of all Indians from the colony. -
Pennsylvania
-A group of religious dissenters were sold a western portion of New Jersey.
-William Penn was one of the religious dissenters who wanted to make the newly gained area a haven for members of the Society of Friends, or Quakers.
-They were a group of religious dissenters who was committed to religious toleration and pacifism.
-The new colony became an experiment to observe is non-violence with Natives would give the English better benefits.
-Philadelphia became the most important colonial port -
The Glorious Revolution
-When King James stepped into power, he placed all power in the hands of the colony’s total governor.
-Later in his life, he converted to Catholicism after the death of his first wife.
-The British Parliament began to fear that King James would establish a catholic dynasty.
-Once King James was overthrown, new monarchs stepped into place and agreed to a bill of rights and to rule without complete power. -This became known as the Glorious Revolution. -
The Great Awakening
-The younger generations began to take a rationalist approach to religion, controversial to the older generation.
-Passionate speakers began to appeal to the younger generation
-The passionate speakers revived religious enthusiasm
-The Great Awakening appealed to the poor as well
-The poor could not “afford” marriages, certain pews, etc., in church because of their class ranking. -
Slave Rights
-Slave owners needed to cheap work in order to make more money; however they can only. hold power over a person if they dehumanize them.
-Slave codes organized, into laws, the denial of basic civil rights to slaves.
-Marriage was foreign to slaves in order to keep the social hierarchy between owners and slaves. -
Immigration
-As the colonies grew, other countries desired to populate the area as well.
-One of the many were Scots-Irish.
-Scot-Irish endured many hardships in order to immigrate into America.
-However, over 150,000 Scot-Irish immigrated.
