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Period: Nov 6, 1300 to
Commercial Revolution
The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism. As trade routes grew between the New World colonies and Old World Europe, the European continent was transformed. -
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The Baroque Period in art and music
A period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail. The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation. -
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Consumer Revolution
This period was win there was a marked increase in the consumption and variety of "luxury" goods and products by individuals from different economic and social backgrounds.This was in England and the society at the time changed because of it. -
The Trial of Galileo
Galileo published his Sidereus Nuncius, describing the surprising observations that he had made with the new telescope backing up the ideas of Copernican. He was put in trail by the Catholic Inquisition and he died under house arrest. However, his book spread new ideas that later led other scientist to new discoveries. -
Height of Mercantilism in Europe
Mercantilism was the thought of having the biggest power and strongest economy. The height of [French] mercantilism is often associated with Jean-Baptiste Colbert. He was deeply involved in the economy an increasing exports while decreasing imports. -
The English Civil War
The English Civil War was a bunch of conflicts between Parliamentarians and Royalists over the manner of England's government. It ended with the execution of Charles I. -
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Reign of Louis XIV
Louis XIV was the ruler of France, and is known to be the longest reign of France. He was given the throne at a really early age, and under him France reached to a high power. However, he did leave the country in big debt because of the many wars during his time. -
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties that ended the 30 years of war. The treaties did not restore peace throughout Europe, but they did create a basis for national self-determination. -
The “Golden Age” of the Netherlands
The "Golden Age" of the Netherlands is a time period in the early 17th century where Dutch trade, music, art, etc. were the most acclaimed in the world. It is important because The Dutch Golden Age encompasses most of the seventeenth century. -
Thomas Hobbes publishes The Leviathan
This book was written to judge the government and the wars. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. -
Oliver Cromwell’s Navigation Acts
The Navigation Acts were a series of English laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between every country except England. The Navigation Acts is known to start trade warfare. -
The English Monarchy Restored
After the execution of Charles I, the English monarchy was restored, after the military dictatorship of Oliver Cromwell. Charles II restored the monarchy and a long parliament was put in place. It was the peace after a long time. -
Test Act in England
The Test Acts were a series of English penal laws that served as a religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabilities on Roman Catholics and nonconformists. It created an impulse throughout the country with many not agreeing. -
Ottoman siege of Vienna
The Ottoman Empire besieged Vienna. Making a big battle between the Ottoman and the Turks. The outcome of this battle would have a profound effect on the future of Eastern, if not of all, Europe. -
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes was made by Louis XIV, he did not give tolerance to any protestant religion. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes created a state of affairs in France similar to that of virtually every other European country of the period, where only the majority state religion was legally tolerated. -
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The Enlightenment
The era in where cultural and intellectual forces in Western Europe emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism rather than traditional lines of authority. It changed the way that Europeans thought, changing Europe as a whole. -
Newton’s publication of the Principia Mathematica
This work are three books by Isaac Newton. The Principia states Newton's laws of motion, forming the foundation of classical mechanics. "One of the most important works in the history of science" -
The “Glorious Revolution”
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England. It was by William III of Orange. It has many outcomes like the drafting of the bill of rights. -
John Locke published Two Treatises of Government
Was a work of philosophy published anonymously by John Locke. It attacks the idea of patriarchalism--a concept of absolute power for the monarchy. This book influence others and gave ideas to the public as well as the higher class. -
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Reign of Peter the Great
Peter the Great was one of the bet absolute rulers of Prussia. During the years of his reign he expanded Prussia, made a stronger army, and made a better government. He did however, fail to nominate a heir. -
The Agricultural Revolution
The agricultural revolution was the set of new modern techniques that change the way farmers grew their crops for the better. It made more crops which was able to feed more of the European population. -
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War of Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was the first world war of modern times. France opposed by a coalition of England, the Netherlands, the Austrian Empire, and Prussia. It was started when the king of Spain died without a heir and they were going to give the throne to the French king who had enough power. -
Last appearance of Bubonic plague in Western Europe
The last appearance of the Bubonic plague was in 1720 in Marseille. The sudden disappearance of the "Black death" was the cause of sudden increase in population of Europe. -
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The Rococo Period in art and music
They call it the late Baroque era, it started in the 18th century in France as a chain reaction of the Baroque art style, which was strict and used in the Palace of Versailles.Rococo artists and architects used a more jocular, florid, and graceful approach to the Baroque. -
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Reign of Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa of Austria was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the one that fought in the Seven Years of and lost Silesia. -
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Reign of Frederick the Great of Prussia
Frederick the Great (Frederick the II) was king of Prussia for 48 years. His most significant accomplishments were military victories, reorganization of Prussian armies, his patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment in Prussia, and his victory in the Seven Years of War. -
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War of Austrian Succession
War of the Austrian Succession began when Frederick II of Prussia invaded Silesia. It was fought with Prussia and France and Austria with England. (They switch sides) Prussia remained in possession of Silesia, however, and none of the colonial or other conflicts between France and Britain was resolved. -
Jean Jacques Rousseau publishes The Social Contract
This was a book in which Rousseau theorized about the best way to establish a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society. It inspired many political reforms and it argued against the idea of divine right. -
Diplomatic Revolution
The Diplomatic Revolution was the reversal of longstanding alliances in Europe between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' of war. As a result of this diplomatic revolution, Britain and Prussia faced Austria, France and Russia. Despite the reversal of alliances, however, the basic antagonisms remained: Prussia versus Austria and Britain versus France. All the tension erupted during the Seven Years' War -
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Seven Years War
he Seven Years' War was a war fought in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every European great power of the time,, spanning five continents, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. The conflict split Europe into two coalitions. -
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American Revolution
The colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of Great Britain, and founded the United States of America. This turned into a global war and it left France financially prostrate, while the British economy boomed. -
Edward Jenner’s Smallpox Vaccination
Edward Jenner was the first to make a vaccine. His work saved many lives and the success of his discovery soon spread around Europe and was used in the Spanish Balmis Expedition, a three-year-long mission to the Americas -
First Partition of Poland
This was the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Poland. Three great powers of Europe (Russia, Prussia, and Austria) divided the Poland Country and claimed there land. -
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The Classical Period in art and music
The name classical is applied to the period because in art and literature, there was keen interest in, admiration for, and emulation of the classical artistic and literary heritage of Greece and Rome.
This era has also been labeled the Age of Enlightenment -
Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith's book was one of the most influential books that there was during the time of mercantilism. He argues that the government did not have a say in the economy and help tight to the claim of the "invisible hand." -
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French Revolution
The French Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. -
Slave Revolt in Haiti
The Haitian Revolution has often been described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere.The Revolution challenged long-held beliefs about black inferiority and of the enslaved person's capacity to achieve and maintain freedom -
Mary Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication on the Rights of Women
This was one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. It responds to those educational and political theorists of the 18th century who did not believe women should have an education and calls for equality. The Rights of Woman was actually well received when it was first published in 1792. -
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Reign of Napoleon Bonaparte
He was a french military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. He created an empire that stretched across almost all of Europe in the early 1800s -
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was made by the four European powers who defeated Napoleon. Their first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe and to maintain the peace between the great powers. -
Enclosure Movement
Wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land. This was the caused of industrial revolution in Europe.
