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8000 BCE
Neolithic Revolution
Marked Transition from nomadic groups to agricultural settlements. -
Period: 8000 BCE to 5000 BCE
Development of cities (Europe, Africa, Mid East, South Asia, East Asia)
Rise in civilizations amongst river valleys, as a result of the agricultural revolution, which led to the specification of jobs, and later trade - aiding in the formation of these large communities.
e.g. - Shang (yellow river valley)
- Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates) -
Period: 5000 BCE to 1800 BCE
The commencement of Northern Settlements (Europe)
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Period: 5000 BCE to 1800 BCE
Pyramid-Age Egypt (Africa)
Societies based on social structures, legal codes [government systems], economies -
Period: 5000 BCE to 1800 BCE
Sumer in Fertile Crescent (Mid East)
- Rose in southern part of Mesopotamia
- located between Tigris and Euphrates [Fertile Crescent]
- emergence of cuneiform and large city-states
- development of canals and dikes
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Period: 2500 BCE to 1500 BCE
Indus River (South Asia)
- Khypher pass; path through Hindu Kush Mountains, often used by merchants
- sophisticated water system
- strong central government
- Polytheistic
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Period: 1600 BCE to 1100 BCE
Shang in Huang Ho (East Asia)
- yellow river valley
- trade centered
- heavily used chariots
- mostly isolated; though did trade with Mesopotamia
- Vastly Patriarchal
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Period: 1500 BCE to 300 BCE
Phoenician trade in Mesopotamia (Europe)
- helped spread the influence of writing/ use of letters -
Period: 1500 BCE to 400 BCE
Bantu Migrations (Africa)
-Farmers in the Niger and Benue River Valley migrated south and east
- cultural diffusion -
Period: 550 BCE to 330 BCE
Persian Empires (Mid East)
- collection of semi-nomadic tribes
- Persian peoples established consistent routes in Africa, Asia, and Europe
- developed the world's first postal service