Period 1 & 2

Paleolithic Era

31,000 BCE

the emergence of regional stone tool industries, such as the Perigordian, Aurignacian, Solutrean, and Magdalenian of Europe as well as other localized industries of the Old World and the oldest known cultures of the New World.

Neolithic Revolution

10,000 BCE

Demographic Transition, Agricultural Revolution, or First Agricultural Revolution was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period

Neolithic Era

10,000 BCE

in the Fertile Crescent, a boomerang-shaped region of the Middle East where humans first took up farming. Shortly after, Stone Age humans in other parts of the world also began to practice agriculture.

Stone Age

9600 BCE

humans used primitive stone tools. Lasting roughly 2.5 million years, the Stone Age ended around 5,000 years ago

Aryans arrive in Indus River valley

5500 BCE

The Aryans crossed the Hindu Kush mountains and came in contact with the Indus Valley Civilization. This was a large migration and used to be seen as an invasion, which was thought to be the reason for the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization,

Sumerian civilization

4500 BCE

the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze ages, and one of the first civilizations in the world along with Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley.

Mesopotamian city states established

4000 BCE

housed historically important cities such as Uruk, Nippur, Nineveh, Assur and Babylon, as well as major territorial states such as the city of Eridu, the Akkadian kingdoms, the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the various Assyrian empires.

Height of Egyptian civilization

3100 BCE

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches ..... The relief and portrait sculpture of the period captured subtle, individual details that reached new heights of technical sophistication.

Assyrian empire established

2500 BCE

Early Period, 2600–2025 BC. A map detailing the location of Assyria within the Ancient Near East c. 2500 BC. The city of Aššur, together with a number of other Assyrian cities, seem to have been established by 2600 BC. However it is likely that they were initially Sumerian-dominated administrative centres.

Akkadian civilization

2334 BCE

was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia, centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region, also called Akkad in ancient Mesopotamia in the Bible. The empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule.

Indus River civilization in decline

1800 BCE

the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization was caused by climate change. ... By 1800 BCE, the Indus Valley climate grew cooler and drier, and a tectonic event may have diverted or disrupted river systems, which were the lifelines of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Hammurabi’s Code

1754 BCE

a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BCE. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code. A partial copy exists on a 2.25 meter stone stele

Zhou Dynasty

1600 BCE

was the longest-lasting of ancient China's dynasties. It followed the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE) and it finished when the army of the state of Qin captured the city of Chengzhou in 256 BCE.

Olmec civilization established in Mesoamerica

1200 BCE

were the earliest known major civilization in Mesoamerica following a progressive development in Soconusco. They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco.

Shang Dynasty

1122 BCE

The Shang dynasty or Yin dynasty, according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Zhou dynasty

Hebrews establish Israel

1050 BCE

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia the terms "Hebrews" and "Israelites" usually describe the same people, stating that they were called Hebrews before the conquest of the Land of Canaan and Israelites afterwards.

Bantus migrate to the east and south

1000 BCE

a major series of migrations of the original proto-Bantu language ... In Eastern and Southern Africa, Bantu speakers may have adopted livestock husbandry from others... Prior to the arrival of Bantus in Southeast Africa, Cushitic-speaking peoples had migrated into the region from the Ethiopian

Phoenicians create an alphabet

1000 BCE

The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, during the 15th century BC. Before then the Phoenicians wrote with a cuneiform script. The earliest known inscriptions in the Phoenician alphabet come from Byblos and date back to 1000 BC

Chavin civilization in Andean South America

900 BCE

DescriptionThe Chavín culture is an extinct, prehistoric civilization, named for Chavín de Huantar, the principal archaeological site at which its artifacts have been found. The culture developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru from 900 BCE to 200 BCE. It extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast.

Persian Wars

650 BCE

The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek ...... See also[edit]. History of Greece · History of Iran · List of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity · Flag of Greece.svg Greece portal · Flag of Iran.

Nebuchadneszzer rebuilds Babylon

605 BCE

Nebuchadnezzar II was the greatest king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. He is known for rebuilding much of Babylon and restoring it to its former glory

Hittites get iron and chariots

600 BCE

the first of the Indo-European people to make use of iron. Due to the widespread availability of iron ore, this allowed them to create weapons that were much stronger and cheaper. The Hittite empire fell victim to the Bronze Age Collapse around the beginning of the 12th century BC

Jewish Diaspora

597 BCE

he dispersion of Jews among the Gentiles after the Babylonian Exile; or the aggregate of Jews or Jewish communities scattered “in exile” outside Palestine or present-day Israel.

Persian Empire established

550 BCE

Roman Republic established

509 BCE

Siddhartha Guatama travels and teaches

500 BCE

The Teachings and Travels of Buddha. millions of people around the world today. ... Back then, Gautama Buddha was known as Siddhartha Gautama. Lumbini continues to hold the Shakya Tank, the remains within the Maya Devi Temple and the Ashoka pillar.

Confucius is teaching what will become the Analects

500 BCE

The Analects are a collection of the teachings and thoughts of Confucius; they also contain fragments of dialogues between the great Chinese philosopher and his disciples. The name in English derived from the word "analect" which means a fragment or extract of literature

Golden Age of Pericles

480 BCE

This was a period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing formerly known as the Golden Age of Athens with the later part The Age of Pericles.

Era of Warring States Begins

475 BCE

The End of the Warring States Period (246–221 BC) Seven warring states remained by the third century

Peloponnesian War

431 BCE

an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases.

Daoism Begins

400 BCE

also spelled Taoism, indigenous religio-philosophical tradition that has shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years. In the broades

Phlip of Macedon conquer the Greek city states

336 BCE

was the king (basileus) of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings, the third son of King Amyntas III of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.

Alexander the Great defeats the Persians

330 BCE

he Battle of Issus occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333 BC. The invading troops led by Alexander were outnumbered more than 2:1, yet they defeated the army personally led by Darius III of Achaemenid Persia. ... It was the first time the Persian army had been defeated with the King present on the field.

Mauryan empire established by Chandragupta Maurya

321 BCE

founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India. ... Chandragupta built one of the largest empires ever on the Indian subcontinent. According to Jain sources, he then renounced it all, and became a monk in the Jain tradition.

Mayan civilization

300 BCE

The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its logosyllabic script—the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system

First of the Punic Wars

264 BCE

first of three wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire that resulted in the destruction of Carthage. ... The First Punic War was fought to establish control over the strategic islands of Corsica and Sicily.

Ashoka dies

232 BCE

Qin Dynasty starts building walls

221 BCE

When and Why It Was Built. After the great unification of the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC) in 221 BC, Emperor Qinshihuang ordered the construction of the Great Wall to prevent attacks from Mongolians and Manchus.

Legalism is a dominant belief system (Qin)

221 BCE

Legalism became the official philosophy of the Qin Dynasty (221 - 206 BCE) when the first emperor of China, Shi Huangti, rose to power and banned all other philosophies as a corrupting influence. ... The excesses of the Qin Dynasty's legalism made the regime very unpopular with the people of the time.

Han Dynasty established

206 BCE

founded by the peasant rebel leader Liu Bang (known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu), was the second imperial dynasty of China. It followed the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE), which had unified the Warring States of China by conquest.

Silk Road established

130 BCE

The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes, formally established during the Han Dynasty of China, which linked the regions of the ancient world in commerce between 130 BCE-1453 CE.

Julius Caesar murdered

44 BCE

The assassination of Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by many Roman senators led by Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, and Marcus Junius Brutus. They stabbed Caesar (23 times) to death in a location adjacent to the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March 15 March 44 BC

Pax Romana

27 BCE

the peace which existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire

Xin Dynasty briefly interrupts the Han

23 BCE

It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty (9–23 CE). This interregnum separates the Han into two periods: the Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) and Eastern Han (25–220 CE). ... To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to itself as the "Han people" and Chinese characters are referred to as "Han characters".

Christianity begins

1 CE

Christianity is the religion that is based on the birth, life, death, resurrection and teaching of Jesus Christ. Christianity began in the 1st century AD as a Jewish sect in Judea but quickly spread throughout the Roman empire. Derp early persecution of Christians, it later became the state religion

Final collapse of the Han Dynasty

220

The end of the Han dynasty refers to the period of Chinese history from 189 to 220 AD, which roughly coincides with the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty's last ruler, Emperor Xian. ... The Han dynasty formally ended in 220 when Cao Cao's son and heir, Cao Pi, pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating in his favour.

Roman Empire divided in 2 by Diocletian

284

November of 284 A.D., Diocletian, a forceful Roman general, seized power and declared himself the new emperor. One of his earliest orders was to split the Roman Empire in two.

Constantine’s Edict of Milan ends Roman persecution of Christians

319

Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in 313, thus ending all Roman-sponsored persecution of Christianity, the Empire became a haven for Christians. ... The agreement required that Christians be treated benevolently within the Roman Empire.

Constantinople becomes capital of Rome

340

after its refoundation under Roman emperor Constantine I, who transferred the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in 330 and designated his new capital officially as Nova Roma (Νέα Ῥώμη) 'New Rome'.

Gupta Dynasty established

375

hey maintained an empire over northern and parts of central and western India from the early 4th to the late 6th century ce. The first ruler of the empire was Chandra Gupta I, who was succeeded by his son, the celebrated Samudra Gupta.

Collapse of Western Roman Empire

476

In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more.

White Huns take down the Gupta empire

550

The Han dynasty under Emperor Wudi was able to defeat the Xiongnu Empire. The White Huns, also called the Hephthalites, were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia. ... For nearly thirty years, India was ruled by the White Huns. In the 6th century, though, the White Huns were driven out of India by a Hindu coalition

Hebrews establish Israel

1948

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia the terms "Hebrews" and "Israelites" usually describe the same people, stating that they were called Hebrews before the conquest of the Land of Canaan and Israelites afterwards.