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This is the picture for the Peloponnesian League because it will not let me add it on the timespan
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Peloponnesian League alliance between Sparta, Corinth, Elis and Tegea which establishes Spartan hegemony over the Peloponnese.
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This is the picture for the Delian League timespan because it will not let me add a picture.
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The Delian League, originally created to protect Attica from the Persians, fights the Peloponnesian League in the Peloponnesian War and is eventually disbanded when Athens loses the War.
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Then end of the Persian War resulted in high tensions between Athens and Sparta which eventually led to the Peloponnesian War.
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The Spartans were anxious that the Athenians might disregard their agreement to cease fighting and attack Sparta or any of Sparta's allies unexpectedly, eventually resulting in war.
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Corcyra and Corinth took different sides of a civil war and Corcyra requested Athens to send naval help for the civil war. After the battle, Athens received an important naval base in Corcyra due to the fact that the presence of the powerful military persuaded the Corinthians to withdraw.
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The Athenians angered Corinth by passing a decree that banned merchant ships from Megara, an ally of Corinth, from trading with any of the Athenians allies. This was seen by Corinth as Athens' breach of the Thirty Years' Peace. This led to Sparta's Ultimatum that asked the Athenians to cancel the Megarian decree and lift the blockade of Potidaea or war.
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The Corinthians used a revolt in Potidaea as an excuse to occupy the town and use it as a base so that they could harass Athenian shipping. Pericles reacted and sent Athenians to blockade the city of Potidaea by both land and sea. The Spartan viewed this as an indirect attack on them and their allies.
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In the summer of 431 BC the Spartans invaded Athens under the rule of their king Archidamus and the people of Athens moved inside of the walls and waited for action. As a result, Pericles became an unpopular political figure among the men who wanted to fight, and since winter eventually forced the Spartans to return to the, Athens had a boost in their moral.
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This is the picture for the First Peloponnesian War because the website will not let me add a picture on the timespan
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The first half of the Peloponnesian War
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Peloponnesian forces led by Sparta begin the siege of Plataea. Sparta invaded Athens again and the people retreated behind the Long Walls. Due to a shortage of water and overcrowding, there was an outbreak of the plague killing a third of Athenian men capable of fighting and general Pericles. This resulted in low moral and a loss of direction in the Athenian war effort.
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Pericles was an advocate for democracy, and after his death, demagogues gained control resulting in a loss of war efforts.
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As a result of the revolt, a debate took place in Athens. Cleon wished to execute all men and enslave all women, and although Diodotos eventually persuaded the assembly to only kill the main leaders, this demonstrated how the Athenians had strayed from democracy and justice since Pericles' death.
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Demosthenes, an Athenian commander, accidentally created a small fortress on Peloponnesian territory so the Spartans sent soldiers to Sphacteria in order to cut off Athens reinforcements and then attack the shore. After Cleon complained to Nicias that they should have already won the battle, Nicias left Cleon in control of the army him in control. Cleon ended up taking three hundred Spartan prisoners and get a win for Athens.
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The Athenians and the Boeotians, allies of Sparta, fought the battle of Delium which ended with the siege of Delium. Athens sent an expedition, containing their full army, into central Greece, and Athens lost around 200 soldiers messing with their war efforts.
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The Spartan general Brasidas besieged the city of Amphipolis. When the Athenians realized that they were going to lose, they asked for help from Thucydides' troops but by the time he arrived, the battle had already been lost. Thucydides was considered responsible for the fall of Amphipolis because he was unable to arrive in time to save the city. He was later exiled.
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Cleon is killed in fierce fighting around Amphipolis.
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Nicias found an opportunity to make peace with the Spartans. He negotiated a fifty-year non-aggression act with the Spartans, a return of all prisoners, and restoration of captured territories. Corinth and Megara refused to sign, resulting in their withdrawal from the Peloponnesian Alliance. Spartans realized they lost their powerful allies, but they signed the treaty.
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This is the picture for the second Peloponnesian war because the website will not let me put a picture on the timespan
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The 2nd Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League) which involved all of Greece.
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The young aristocrat Alcibiades, was elected as general. He was spirited, resourceful, bold, and also a persuasive public speaker who was able to sway the opinions of the public.
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Athens and Argos fought the Spartans and their allies. The Athenians were defeated and faced the truth that Pericles had been right when he warned them that they could not win any battles fought on land. They also realized that all of Sparta's alliances were at peace, they had regained the military esteem that had been lost after Sphacteria, and they had successfully stopped the Athenians' plans for mainland expansion.
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Athens now wished to capture Melos so the Athenians sent an expedition to threaten the island if it did not join the Delian League. The Athenians listened to the Melians' appeals for fair treatment during the Melian Debate, but neither side was able to compromise and the negotiations failed. This showed how the Athenians were no longer able to listen to their allies and had strayed even further from democracy.
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This is the picture for the Sicilian Expedition timespan
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At the end of the Sicilian expedition, the Athenians lost over 200 of their naval ships, most of their soldiers, and Nicias and Demosthenes died in a Spartan attack. This was a major turning point in the war because Athens realized that they would never recover from losses that great.
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The Athenian expedition in Sicily ends in disastrous defeat and the Athenian generals Nicias and Demosthenes are executed. Their deaths represented a major turning point for Athens when they lost their naval strength, generals, and soldiers.
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Alcibiades tries to get Persia to side with Athens, but the discussion does not go well. Persia allies with Sparta, giving the Spartans more resources and soldiers and a powerful ally.
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The Athenians gained interest in disbanding democracy, and some member of the upper and middle classes got rid of the boule and started an oligarchy for a short amount of time, showing that the war had persuaded the citizens opinions of democracy, and it was no longer highly valued.
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A democratic fleet of ships along with Alcibiades re-established Athenian control of the Hellespont, leaving them valuable military land.
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After he helped re-establish Athenian control of the Hellespont, he sent back money and resources to Athens generated by his local campaigns. He also restored order along rebellious allies, was invited to return to the city, and the citizens elected him as general.
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Of the coast of Lesbos at Arginusae the Athenian fleet won a full scale naval battle against Sparta, but 5,000 Athenian sailors still died. Five generals were then accused of taking enemy bribes and killing their own men on purpose, and were executed, demonstrating how in crisis the assembly often made irrational decisions.
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Spartan and Persian ships under the command of Lysander attacked an Athenian fleet at the narrowest place in the Hellespont. After Athens attempted to break, Lysander surprised the army. In the end, only eight ships were left, Alcibiades was executed, and the sailors died.
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Lysander rounded up Athenian garrisons posted in the Aegean Sea, and sent them as prisoners to Athens, increasing the overcrowding of the city. The Spartan general's fleet then blockaded Peiraeus and the Spartan army camped against the Athenian fortifications. Athens surrendered towards the end of 405 BC and the Peloponnesian League was then in control.
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End of the Peloponnesian war, Athens defeated by Sparta at Aegospotamoi.
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King Philip of Macedonia was the father of Alexander who captured several of Athens allied city states gaining control of the Thracian gold mines. He wished to form a league of all the Greek city states and defeat Persia. He eventually won over each state of Greece and his victory resulted in peace terms, the Theban and Athenian alliances were disbanded, and neither city was to be harmed. Everyone then accepted King Philip as the leader of a new league.
