Palmyra

By amy123123
  • 400 BCE

    19th Century BC

    The city is known from as early as the 19th Century.
  • 312 BCE

    312 - 64 BC

    Hellenistic period; Palmyra incorporated into the Seleucid Kingdom.
  • 64 BCE

    64 BC

    The Roman Republic annexes the Seleucid Kingdom; Palmyra remains independent.
  • 42 BCE

    42 BC

    Roman General Mark Antony attacks.
  • 14

    14 AD

    Becomes a tributary of the Roman Empire, included in the province of Syria; retains much independence, a prosperous period; called 'Palmyra' by Rome.
  • 109

    109 AD

    Assigned to the province of Phoenicia; trade affected by Roman-Parthian war.
  • 129

    129 AD

    Visited by Emperor Hadrian and declared a 'free city'; sets and collects its own taxes.
  • 167

    167 AD

    Roman garrison established
  • 212

    212 AD

    Made a Roman colonia or colony under Emperor Caracalla
  • 229

    229 AD

    Visited by Emperor Severus Alexander
  • 256

    256 AD

    Emperor Valerian gives Odaenathus the title 'Corrector of the East' and charge of Roman forces
  • 267

    267 AD

    Odaenathus and son assassinated; his wife, Zenobia, assumes power and defeats many neighbours
  • 271

    271 AD

    Palmyra beseiged by Emperor Aurelian; Zenobia, assumes power and defeats many neighbours
  • 273

    273 AD

    Palmyrenes massacre 600 Roman archers; Aurelian's legionaries retaliate, razing the city and slaughtering the citizens. Palmyra never recovers
  • 303

    303 AD

    Emperor Diocletian fortifies Palmyra as a stronghold on the eastern boundary of the Roman Empire
  • 312

    312 AD

    Roman emperor Constantine converts to Christianity
  • 325

    325 AD

    Palmyra becomes a Christain city; record of a bishop in residence
  • 527

    527 AD

    Emperor Justinian rebuilds Palmyra's defences; city now primarily a military outpost
  • 634

    634 AD

    Palmyra conquered by a Muslim army led by Khaled ibn al-Walid