Ozone layer

WONDER GAS

1928

“Wonder gas” CFCs were invented in 1928 for commercial applications.

Rowland & Molina,joined Rowland's lab

1973

In late 1973, Rowland and Molina, who had recently joined Rowland’s lab,

UNEP SET UPS

1977

“In 1977, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
sets up a co-ordinating committee to study the ozone layer.”

CFCs is banned

1978

“In 1978, the United States of America, Canada,
Sweden and Norway ban the use of CFCs in aerosols.”

UNEP starts inter-govermental

1981

“In 1981, UNEP starts inter-governmental negotiations
to protect the ozone layer.”

CFCs increases

1982

“After 1982, in the absence of other moves,
the consumption of CFCs increases again. Industry demands
proof of ozone depletion due to CFCs.”

Governments agree

1985

“Governments agree to study, exchange information and
protect the ozone layer - through the Vienna Convention for the
Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985). Scientists continue to find
proof of ozone depletion.”

46 governments agree...

1987

“In 1987, 46 governments agree to a fifty percent cut in the
production and consumption of CFCs by the year 2000; a freeze
in production and consumption of halons by 1992; further
controls linked to assessments by experts.”

WMO report on ozone

1988

“In 1988, the UNEP - WMO report on ozone
trends links CFCs to ozone depletion.”

UNEP reports for tougher controls

1989

“In 1989, the UNEP Assessment Panel of experts reports
THE NEED for tougher controls.”

UNEP Assessment

1991

“In 1991 UNEP Assessment Panels recommend that more substances(HCFCs, methyl bromide) are controlled and that the phase-out of CFCs is advanced.”

HCFCs by 2030

1992

“In 1992, it was decided that the developed countries phase out
HCFCs by 2030, freeze methyl bromide by 1995 and that the
phase out of CFCs be brought forward to 1996.”

Meeting held in Bangkok

1993

“In 1993, the Meeting of the Parties, held in Bangkok, agrees to a
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund - US$455 million for 1994 - 1996.”

UNEP Assesment

1994

“In 1994, Halons are phased out by industrialized countries. UNEP Assessment Panels recommend tougher controls on methyl bromide.”

Phase out CFCs

1995

“In 1995 Some countries, the Russian Federation and others, report an inability to phase out CFCs by 1996 due to their internal problems. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) offers to help them. Developing countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by 2010.”

Meeting held in Costa Rica

1996

“The Meeting of the Parties held in Costa Rica, approves the
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund and gives US$466 million
for 1997 - 1999.”

Industrialized countries agree.

1997

“ In 1997 Industrialized countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by 2005. Developing countries will phase out the same by 2015.”

Ozone meetings in Beijing December 1999

1999

The Ozone meetings in Beijing in December 1999 approved a
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund of US$ 440 million for the years2000-2002 for continuing the phase-out of CFCs, in addition to the carry-over of US$ 35.7 million from the previous period.