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1200
Introduction
The Ottoman Empire was a strong political entity established by the Turks which reigned up to the 20th century. It started with a small state of few Turks believed to be Seljuk Turk's successors. Officially, the Ottoman Empire was formed in July 1299 and came to its end on October 1923. -
1201
Introduction pt2
This empire reached its glory in the 16th and 17th centuries during which time it covered Western Asia, South-eastern Europe, and North Africa. The Ottoman Empire had 29 provinces and many vassal states with its authority stretching to various nations and kingdoms. Its capital was Constantinople (Pariona, 2018). -
1300
Beginning of Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman 1 who became the leader of one Ghazi Emirate and announced his Turk settlement free from Seljuk Turk's reign in 1299. He later declared Bursa to be the capital of the kingdom. In 1300 A.D, Osman led and won a battle which displaced Seljuk Turk's troops and became the leader of the Ottoman Dynasty. He attacked the city of Bursa and made it his capital (Cook, 1976). Osman died in 1326 -
1400
Empire Changes Hands
Orhan`s son Murad 1 takes over who is later succeeded by Bayezid. Bayezid expanded the Empire to the River Euphrates from the Danube River. Bayezid then dies, and his sons divide the Empire among themselves. In 1413, one of Bayezid`s sons, Mehmed won the leadership battle, reunites the Empire but dies in 1421 (Cook, 1976). Bayezid's main accomplishments were with the expansion of the Ottoman empire and building up the already very strong empire. -
1453
Mehmed 11
In 1453, Mehmed 11 attacks Byzantine, Constantinople`s capital which put up a heavy fight but is defeated when its Emperor Constantine X1 passes away in a battle. Mehmed 11 ruled for thirty rules, and his reign made Istanbul an economic, political and cultural center. -
1520
Suleyman 1
In 1520 A.D, Suleyman 1 takes over leadership and is known to be one of the best leaders in the Empire. He was born in 1494. He began his rule by starting to attack the Christian powers in Europe. During his rule he lead The Empire in three unsuccessful attacks against the Persians. The Empire reaches his glory during his rule as he conquers parts of Western Asia and south-eastern Europe (Cook, 1976). He finally passes away in 1566. Overall Suleyman was able to bring the Empire to golden years. -
1566
Suleyman 2
In 1566 A.D, Selim11, Suleyman's son takes over leadership. Selim 2 was born in 1642, in Istanbul. His government is unorganized as he never fought battles and this led to defeat of the Turkish Fleet at the Lepanto Battle in Greece. During his reign, the Ottoman Empire starts falling (Hanioğlu, 2010). -
Selim 2
The weak leadership of Selim 11 continues, and as a result, the Ottomans threat on the European world declines. The Ottomans fight starts with the Persians all the way to 1639 whereby, in the same year, they captured Crete from Venetians. In 1683, the Ottomans failed in their conquer attempt against Venice. -
Ottomans Defeated
Likewise in 1697, the Ottomans are defeated by Australian troops at Zenta and to maintain peace, they surrender some of their land there (Cook, 1976). From 1821, Greece starts their revolt against the Ottomans and acquire help from France, Russia, and Britain. Eventually, Greece defeats the Ottomans and attains independence in 1830 (Pariona, 2018). -
Abdul Hamit 2
In 1878 A.D, Abdul Hamit 11, Born in Constantinople in 1842, as son of Sultan Abdülmecid 1, tried installing reforms in the Empire by introducing a constitution and parliament. The changes failed, but in 1878, the independence of Romania, Bulgaria, and Serbia was acknowledged by the Berlin Congress (Deringil, 1991). The goal of the Balkan wars in 1912-1914 was to conquer European lands belonging to the Ottoman Empire, which was successful. -
Final Years of the Ottoman Empire
The years 1914-1923 saw the end of both the war and the Empire. The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers in World War 1. They lost that war and the presence of peace treaties led to the dissolving of the empire (Pariona, 2018). In 1923, the Turkey Republic was established (Hanioğlu, 2010). -
Conclusion
The Ottoman Empire reigned for 600 years and will always be recognized for its powerful leadership and cultural practices that significantly affected the nations they conquered. -
References
References
Cook, M. A. (Ed.). (1976). A history of the Ottoman Empire to 1730: chapters from The Cambridge history of Islam and The new Cambridge modern history. Cambridge University Press.
Deringil, S. (1991). Legitimacy structures in the Ottoman state: the reign of Abdülhamid II (1876–1909). International Journal of Middle East Studies, 23(3), 345-359.
Hanioğlu, M. Ş. (2010). A brief history of the late Ottoman Empire. Princeton University Press. -
References 2
Pariona, A. (2018). Why Did the Ottoman Empire Fall?. Retrieved from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/why-did-the-ottoman-empire-fall.html Shaw, Stanford Jay, and Malcolm Edward Yapp. “Ottoman Empire.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 30 May 2018, www.britannica.com/place/Ottoman-Empire. -
Picture References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire#/media/File:Territorial_changes_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_1912_corrected.jpg http://looklex.com/e.o/s34-abdulhamid2.htm http://looklex.com/e.o/s20-suleyman2.htm http://i-cias.com/e.o/s10-suleyman1.htm http://www.theottomans.org/english/family/mehmet2.asp http://i-cias.com/e.o/s04-bayezid1.htm
