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The Percentages Agreement
- UK to have 90% influence in GRE
- USSR to have 90% influence in ROM and 75% in BUL
- US was not present but was briefed on it. Did not openly oppose it.
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Dollar Diplomacy (1)
- USSR asked for a $6 billion loan from the US
- The US immediately imposed conditions
- This was to open East European markets to US products
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The Yalta Conference
- US and UK reject revision of Polish border
- Inclusion of London Poles inside Lublin Committee
- Democratic elections
- Stalin signed the Declaration of Liberated Europe
- It pledged free elections and democratic institutions
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Franklin D. Roosevelt dies
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Yugoslavian forces entered Trieste
- Was equated with Soviet expansionism
- However, Marshall Tito was operating independently of Moscow
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Termination of Land-Lease
- Made the Soviet's need for capital more desperate
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Germany surrenders
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The Potsdam Conference
- The US practiced atomic diplomacy
- Truman offered Stalin info about the bomb. In return...
- The Soviet-controlled govts in ROM and BUL would be reorganised
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Dollar Diplomacy (2)
- The USSR requested a $1 billion loan
- It was 'lost' by the US State Department
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Japan surrenders
- End of WWII
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Soviet Occupation of North Korea
- Soviet troops moved across the Russian border into North Korea
- US was worried about Soviet intentions
- Thus, they occupied South Korea
- Korea was divided into two occupation zones along the 38th parallel
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50,000 US Marines were sent to North China
- Helped to secure key communications centres
- Also helped to secure road and rail routes
- As well as help transport KMT armies to the area
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Soviets failed to join IMF and World Bank
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Kennan's Long Telegramme
- It was an analysis of Soviet foreign policy
- Emphasized the role of communist ideology
- Decisive factor in the Truman administration's change of course
- Their policy changed to one of firmness towards the USSR
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USSR refused to withdraw from Iran
- Americans took the issue to the UN
- Soviet troops begin to retreat in May
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Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech
- Some of the themes discussed in the LT were now aired in public
- Hardened the attitude of the American public
- No concrete follow-up by Stalin
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All negotiations over loans end
- Specifically between the US and the USSR
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The Clifford-Elsey Report
- Highlighted examples of Soviet agression in Iran and Manchuria
- Identified ideology and not security...
- As the driver of Soviet foreign policy
- Acted as a justification for the US perspective of the Soviets
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The Baruch Plan
- Demanded for the provision of Soviet info
- But allowed for the retaining of American atomic capability
- Further discussion was vetoed by the Soviets
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Truman Doctrine announced
- Accompanied by an increase in US military preparedness
- Elicited no response from Stalin
- May have laid foundation for Marshall Plan in June 1947
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The Marshall Plan
- Idea to restore economic stability and hence politcal stability
- Soviets send a 100 man delegation to participate in the discussion
- Americans insist on economic co-ordination
- Soviets found that unacceptable
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Sovietisation in Romania
- Non-communist National Peasant Party suppressed
- Leader Iuliu Maniu sentenced to life imprisonment
- King Michael forced to abdicate
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Sovietisation in Bulgaria
- The leader of the opposition Agarian Peasant Party, Petkov...
- Was tried and shot for...
- Working for 'Anglo-American Imperialism'
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The Czechoslovakian Coup
- Proved to have a catalytic effect on the Marshall Plan
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Establishment of Deutsche Mark
- Was a result of a plan in the early months of 1948
- It was to introduce a new German currency...
- Which would circulate freely in all four zones
- Met with Soviet resistance and eventually led to this event
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The Berlin Blockade
- The USSR blocked the roads and rail routes to Berlin
- US and UK planes flew more than 200,000 flights to Berlin
- This was done in the span of 320 days
- Vital supplies of food and coal were delivered to 2.2 million people
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Formation of NATO
- The initiative for NATO came from Western Europe
- Begin the miliary split
- West German entry into NATO in 1955 formalised this schism...
- As it prompted the formation of the Warsaw Pact
