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322 BCE
Origins of mechanics
The physics of Aristotle (-384, -322) agreed with the astronomy of Eudoxus of Cnide and his successor Callippus of Cyzicus, mathematicians and astronomers of the 4th cehttps://www.timetoast.c.It no longer agreed with the astronomy of Claudius Ptolemy, the 2nd century astronomer. Aristotle's theory of motion has many difficulties of which the Stagirite was well aware.
Until the 19th century, the notion of mechanics encompassed both the scientific study of moving bodies and the theory of machines.