Online Assignment Chapter 12 timeline

Perfectionism was the idea that social ills considered incurable could be eliminated, and was popularized by religious revivals of the 1820s-30s. The revivals used this idea to say that people and society had the ability to improve. This was a big thing in NY and northern Ohio, AKA burned-over districts. due to these intense revivals and this idea, these districts became good places for the eras reform movements. Some even radical such as temperance, which would cause the temperance movement.

This society promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. The American Colonization Society established the country of Liberia in Africa, However most African Americans didn’t agree with this idea and caused them to try and claim their rights as Americans.

Communitarianism was a social reform movement driven by the belief that by establishing small communities based on common ownership of property, a less competitive and individualistic society could be developed. A man named Robert Owens was the most important man to use this idea in his factory villages as a way to ensure that workers would receive full value of their labor, he would later use this idea in his village known as New Harmony, where he hoped to create a new moral world.

New Harmony was a communitarian community in Indiana founded by Robert Owen in 1825. This was a short lived community of equality and was one of the few communities not based on religious ideology. Owen hoped to create a new moral world where people could be transformed by changing how they lived. Children were educated in schools, and Owen also defended women's rights. This community strongly influenced the labor movement, educational reformers, and women's rights advocates.

This was a widespread reform movement, led by militant Christians, focused on reducing the use of alcoholic beverages. starting in 1826, the American Temperance society was a main group in beginning this movement, whose purpose was to redeem drunks and occasional drinkers. Over time, they persuaded hundreds of thousands of people to give up liquor. This movement came with some hostility as some believed that drinking did not make them less moral than people who had been reborn in religious camps

With the beginning of the abolition movement at around 1830, moral suasion played a big role for pacifists in the movement, as it was The abolitionist strategy that sought to end slavery by persuading both slaveowners and complicit northerners that the institution was evil. So instead of causing violence for the freedom of slaves, the people attempted to persuade and awaken the nation to see the moral evils of slavery, which is the purpose of moral suasion as a whole, in order to convert people.

Feminism is a term to describe the movement of equality for women in many forms of life (ex. Social). This was an international reform movement like temperance where women sought out to gain an education, get a profession and put talents to use. Believed that they deserved freedom and individual choices. Women such as Margaret Fuller advocated for this through writing. In some senses the idea of feminism asked for the expansion of freedom boundaries instead of a redefinition of the idea.

Founded in 1833, this organization sought an immediate end to slavery and the establishment of equality for black Americans. This organization played a major role in spreading the message of abolition and had many African Americans on the board of directors. With the formation of this group as well as other local abolition groups, 10,000 northerners had become a part of this movement through the message being spread, these people consisting of farmers, shopkeepers, and mostly ordinary citizens.

Dorothea Dix was a school teacher who was a leading advocate in better treatment for the insane since they were being held in the same places as criminals, from around the mid 1830s-to mid 1840s. Dorothea Dix wasn’t the only example of women advocating though. Also in 1834 the female moral reform society was made to redeem prostitutes from sinful lives, and would be later replicated in many communities. Dorothea Dix is just one of many important women to help strive for reform in the U.S

These people were well-to-do merchants who often had commercial ties to the South and resisted abolitionism, occasionally inciting violence against its adherents. These northerners who opposed abolition led mobs to disrupt abolition meetings in the north, like when a group of Bostonians led William Garrison, an editor, through the streets with a rope around his neck, barely surviving. This was a continued event that led to lots of death and destruction, including the burning of Pennsylvania Hall

This was a Rule adopted by House of Representatives prohibiting consideration of abolitionist petitions; opposition led by former president John Quincy Adams, succeeded in having it repealed in 1844. This rule happened due to abolitionists flooding Washington with petitions asking for emancipation, which then caused for the HoR to create this rule. This caused major resentment in the north as they now didn’t have the right to debate the topic with out reprisal from the government.

Although being founded in 1848, the ideas and leader behind the Utopian community of Oneida actually started in 1836. Before forming Oneida, John H. Noyes and his followers made a community in Putney Vermont. This village had all the ideals that would be in Oneida such as no private property, a single holy family, and complex marriage. After making all these ideals and being indicted for adultery, Noyes moved his community to Oneida in 1848 as it is known, but the idea behind it started in 1836.

The common school was a tax supported state school open to all children, with a school starting in 1939 in Massachusetts. Due to most school being private/charity schools, many students did not have access to education. This led to the educational reform led by Horace Mann, who hoped that universal education could restore equality to society. This would make the establishment of commons schools one of his goals. This movement allowed for career opportunities for women, who would become teachers.

This was a Abolitionist political party that nominated James G. Birney for president in 1840 and 1844; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848. After organized abolitionism split into two wings due to a dispute in the role of women, the seceders were determined in making abolitionism an actual political movement, so they formed the liberty party to try and achieve this purpose. However they were unsuccessful and many anti-slave northerners saw it as “throwing away” their votes on a third party.