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The Seven Years War
Fought between the French and British in North America and other continents for the land. This war caused 1 million deaths and resulted in the formation of two treaties, the Treaty of Paris between the Spanish, French, and British and the Treaty of Hubertusburg between Austria and Prussia. War ended in 1763. -
The Quebec Act
The royal proclamation of 1763 brought Quebec and its people to become apart of the British Empire, making it easier to trade. This is significant because it improved british command over new territories in Quebec and granted french canadians the freedom of their religion and beliefs. The Quebec Act was put into effect May 1st 1775. -
The Royal Proclamation
This was on official that set out guidelines for European settlement of indigenous territories in North America. They made the royal proclamation to officially claim British territory after Great Britain won the seven years war. This was a step toward the recognition of existing indigenous rights and title. -
The War of 1812
This was a conflict between the US and Great Britain over issues like trade restrictions and impressment. This war shaped national identities for the US and Canada, and the aftermath had lasting effects on indigenous lands. War ended in 1815. -
Gold Rush
Discovery of gold in the Caribou region along rivers, and disrespected indigenous peoples by mining their lands. Groups from all around the world came to try and get gold in BC. Gold helped fuel the economy, and helped with trade within the country and world trade -
Confederation
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and province of Canada joined to form the Dominion of Canada. This helped people enter territory to settle land in the west, had an impact on indigenous communities, and also got the federal government assuming they had responsibility over indigenous affairs. -
Treaty of Washington
This treaty was signed between Great Britain and the US so differences between the two countries after the american civil war would be settled. It made a more peaceful relationship between Canada and the US, and Britain. The treaty affected american native tribes because the treaty resulted in reservations. This is a significant event because it settled many disputes between many countries, and resolved many disagreements between the US and Great Britain. Treaty came into effect in 1873 -
The Indian Act
This was created by the Canadian government to convert first nations peoples into euro-canadians by creating amendments and strategies to destroy indigenous culture, for example the creation of residential schools. First nations are still effected by it to this day, The Indian Act created generational trauma. -
Canadian Pacific Railway
CPR railway crosses all of Canada and connected with the american railway system. The railway made it easier to access provinces, and transport people and wealth across the country. The railway had a major effect on first nations by taking traditional territory for more European immigrants newly arriving. The railway played a big role in the loss of first nations culture, but was also one of the greatest technical achievements of the 19th century. Railway was complete by 1885. -
Canadian Government Bans Potlatch Ceremonies
Banned potlatch ceremonies because the Canadian government believed first nations traditions were keeping native people from becoming "civilized", they saw indigenous culture as a threat -
The Northwest Resistance
This was a violent 5 months lead by Métis and First Nations against the Canadian government because of the loss of bison herds, and loss of indigenous land through treaties. This is significant because it increased federal control, deepening the loss of traditional land/ways of life, and had profound social, economic, and political implications -
Number Treaties
A series of 11 treaties made between the crown and First Nations to secure alliance, and so that the crown would be provided with land for industrial development and white settlement. They are as relevant today as they were when signed because it allowed both parties to achieve the goal set for their people. -
White Paper
The white paper abolished previous legal documents including the Indian Act and treaties. This made all indigenous people equal to other Canadians. This is significant because it lead to the withdrawal of it in 1970 and protests of activism towards indigenous rights. -
James Bay Agreement
Quebec signed an agreement because the Cree peoples were upset about dams being built on their land, disrupting them from fishing and hunting. This was significant because it was the basic charter of rights for the Cree peoples, and helped form a partnership between each other. -
The Gustafsen Lake Standoff
A month long conflict between a small group of first nations and the RCMP over access to private land for ceremonial purposes. This dispute highlights the ongoing struggles for reconciliation and respect for indigenous land rights. Ended September 17th 1995