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Birth
The child is born. -
Insecure Attachment: Anxious/Avoidant
Children seek little contact with parent and are not concerned when parent leaves. Usually avoid interaction when parent returns. This results from a parent who is not involved in the care of their child. -
Insecure Attachent: Anxious Ambivalent
Tend not to use parent as a secure base and may often cling or refuse to leave parent. They become very upset when parent leaves and may often appear angry or become upset when parent returns. They push the caregiver away. -
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Sensorimotor Stage
Taking in the world through senses and actions, through looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping. Object permanence and stranger anxiety is developed. -
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Preconventional Morality
Morality focuses on self-interest: they obey rules either to avoid punishments or gain concrete rewards. -
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Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage where infants develop basic trust if all of their needs are dependably met by their caregiver. -
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Cognitive Changes in Adulthood
Crystallized intelligence (accumulated knowledge and verbal skills) increases up to old age. Fluid intelligence (the ability to reason speedily and abstractly) decreases up to age 75, and then decreases more rapidly, especially after age 85. -
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Temperament
Easy babies are adaptable to new situations, have predictability in their schedule, and are cheerful and relaxed. Difficult babies are more irritable, intense, and unpredictable. Slow-to-warm-up babies tend to resist or withdraw from new people and situations. Temperament persists throughout life. -
Raise head to 45 degrees (2 months)
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Roll over
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Sit with Support
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Sit without Support
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Pull self to standing position
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Walk holding on to furniture
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Creep
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Stand alone
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Secure Attachment
Children use parent as secure base from which they explore their environment. They become upset if parent leaves the room but are glad to see parent when the parent returns. -
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Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Toddlers realize they can direct their own behavior and begin doing things for themselves. If this does not happen, they begin to doubt their abilities. -
Walk
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Preoperational Stage
Children in this stage are too young to perform mental operations. They represent things with words and images and use intuitive thinking rather than logical reasoning. They cannot yet grasp conservation and are egocentric. Children in this stage pretend play. -
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Initiative vs. Guilt
Children develop imagination and sharing. They have to take responsibility for their behavior. Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independendent. -
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Industry vs. Inferiority
Children try new skills and obtain knowledge through teamwork and homework. They learn how to apply themselves to tasks, or the feel inferior, defeated, and incompetent. -
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Concrete Operational Stage
When a child begins to think logically and can grasp concrete events, concrete analogies, and arithmetical operation, like conservation and mathematical transformations. -
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Conventional Morality
Morality focuses on caring for others and upholding laws and social rules, simply because they are laws and rules. -
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Postconventional Morality
Develops with abstract reasoning of formal operational thought. Actions are judged "right" because they flow from people's rights or from self-defined, basic ethical principles. -
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Formal Operational Stage
A person can think abstractly and use abstract logic and mature moral reasoning. -
Puberty
Puberty is the time when humans mature sexually. The average age for th first mensarche is 12.43 years old. Physical changes that occur during puberty for a woman is the development breasts, hips, and pubic and underarm hair. -
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Identity vs. role confusion
In this stage, adolescents try to figure out they are. They do this by testing roles and integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are. -
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
During this stage, adults try to form close, committed friendships. If they experience intimacy they will have marriage and lasting friendships. If they fail at this task, they will be isolated from others and suffer from loneliness. -
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Decline in Sensory Abilities
Visual sharpness diminishes; distance perception and adaptations to changes in light levels are less acute; muscle strength, reaction time, and stamina diminish noticeably; vision, the sense of smell, and hearing also gets worse; -
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Dementia and Alzheimer's
Some adults suffer unusual substantial loss of brain cells, which result in dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Dementia is mental erosion caused by a series of small strokes, a brain tumor, or alcohol dependence, which all damage the brain. Alzheimer's disease is when there is a loss of brain cells and acetylcholine-producing neurons deteriorate. As a result, memory and thinking suffer, and when it is at its worst, the affected person is mentally vacant. -
Have first child
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Marriage
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
During middle age, people find a way to give back to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. In order to do so, they must be creative and productive. -
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Physical Changes in Middle and Late Adulthood
Wrinkles, Grey/White Hair, decreased physical vigor, decreased fertility, telomeres wear down and cells stop reproducing -
Midlife Crisis
A life crisis is defined as a period characterized by unstable mental and emotional health, altering the course of life of those affected by it, and affecting them for a year or longer. It can also be experienced by some people as they realize they have reached a midpoint in their lifespan and experience conflicts or dissatisfaction within themselves because of unrealized goals, self-perceptions or physical changes as a result of aging or health issues. Can be triggered by menopause. -
Menopause
Ends a women's menstrual cycles. -
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Integrity vs. Despair
Older adults try to reach wisdom, tranquility, wholeness, and acceptance. Looking back at their life, they may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure/regret. If they are satisfied, they are proud of their life. If they have not resolved one or more of the previosu crises, they may see themselves with disgust or despair. -
Death